SUB-TOPIC 2 (THREE WAYS TO ORGANIZE ARGUMENT)

Presents a direct and organized argument

Classical Method

Pattern:

• Introduction → Claim → Reasons and evidence → Counterclaim and rebuttal → Conclusion

Classical Mathod

Pattern of Classical Method

Introduction → Claim → Reasons and evidence → Counterclaim and rebuttal → Conclusion

Ex.

• A school editorial argues for longer library hours

Classical Method

Explains how the evidence supports the claim

Toulmin Method

Main Parts:

• Claim

• Data or evidence

• Warrant or reasoning

• Counterclaim

• Rebuttal

Toulmin Method

Parts of Toulmin Method

• Claim

• Data or evidence

• Warrant or reasoning

• Counterclaim

• Rebuttal

Ex.

Claim - The library should stay open longer

Data - Many students need access after class

Warrant - More access gives students time to research and study

Toulmin Method

Respect both sides and searches for common ground

Rogerian Method

Pattern:

• Issue → Opposing View → Common Ground → Writer's postion → Compromise

Rogerian Method

Pattern of Rogerian Method

Issue → Opposing View → Common Ground → Writer's postion → Compromise

Ex.

• Students wants relaxed dress rule, while administrators want safety and order. Both sides may argue on a comfortable but appropriate dress policy

Rogerian Method