Global II Haitian Revolution

Causes of the Haitian Revolution

the brutal, inhuman way that slaves were treated, economic exploitation, social inequality, influence from the french Revolution and Enlightenment ideas, and the slaves desire for freedom

Effects of the Haitian revolution

independence from France, end of slavery, economic damage to France, inspiration for other revolutions, financial burden on Haiti

South American revolution

a series of independence movements in the early 1800s in which South American colonies fought to gain independence from Spain

causes of the South American revolution

social inequality, unfair economic restrictions, enlightenment ideas, weakening of Spain, influence from other revolutions

effects of the South American revolution

independence, creation of new nations, end of Spanish colonial rule, continued inequality

absolute monarchy

form of government in which one ruler has supreme authority without limitation

divine right

The belief that a monarch’s authority to rule comes directly from God, meaning the king or queen is accountable to God rather than the people.

enlightenment

thinkers applied reason to questions about government, rights, freedom, and society

natural right

Basic rights that every person is born with simply because they are human, such as life, liberty, and property, which cannot rightfully be taken away by the government.

nationalism

A strong sense of pride, loyalty, and devotion to one's nation, often based on shared culture, history, language, or identity

revolution

Rapid change in society, government, economy, or another system

independence

The freedom of a country or nation to govern itself without being controlled by another country.

haitian revolution

A revolution from 1791 to 1804 in which enslaved people in the French colony of Saint-Domingue revolted against slavery and French rule, eventually gaining independence and establishing Haiti as the first independent Black republic

creole

people of Spanish descent born in the Latin American colonies, they were privileged and educated but faced discrimination under laws that favored the Peninsulares

tousaint louvertoure

Leader of the haitian revolution who was a former slave

Simon Bolivar

he was part of the creoles, he was the Venezuelan military leader of the creoles. He led several South American countries to gain independence from Spain

Father Miguel Hidalgo

a Mexican Roman Catholic priest who was a leader of the Mexican War of Independence

Jose de San Martin

an Argentine general and leader of South America’s independence movement from Spain

Napoleon Bonaparte

A French military leader who rose to power during the French Revolution and became Emperor of France. In 1808, he invaded Spain and placed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne, weakening Spain's control over its colonies in Latin America

black codes

French royal decree in 1685, a rulebook that sought to outline the treatment of black enslaved people in French colonies like Haiti. Enslaved people were regarded as property with no legal rights. Enslavers could beat them, rarely with any consequence

proclamation ending slavery

A formal announcement declaring that slavery would be abolished. During the Haitian Revolution, ending slavery became a major goal of the rebellion, as enslaved people fought for freedom from French colonial rule.

constitution of saint Domingue (Haiti)

A constitution written in 1801 by Toussaint Louverture that abolished slavery in Saint-Domingue and gave Louverture control over the colony while it remained under French rule.

haitian declaration of independence

A document issued on January 1, 1804, declaring Haiti's independence from France after the Haitian Revolution

Carte De Jamaica

A letter written in 1815 by Simón Bolívar while he was in exile in Jamaica. He explained why Latin American colonies should gain independence from Spanish rule and discussed his vision for an independent Latin America.