Feeding Structures & Behavior

Why is feeding a constant effort?

Flight cost lots of energy

How is Flight a key factor to the Way birds feed?

Gives access to every habitat

What does various habits & food types result in?

Specialization

What part of the birds body is the most noticeable for specialization?

Beak

Basic Morphology: What is the Mandible?

Lower jaw

Basic Morphology: What is the Maxilla?

Upper jaw

Basic Morphology: What is the Rhamphotheca sheath made of?

Keratin

Types of Beaks: Describe Seed Crushing

Thick, short, strong muscles

Types of Beaks: Describe Insect Gleaning

Thin, pointed

Types of Beaks: Describe Aerial Insect Capture

Wide based, pointed

Types of Beaks: Describe Flesh Ripping

Sharp edges, hooked, heavy

Types of Beaks: Describe Mud Probing

Long, skinny, pointed

Types of Beaks: Describe Fish Pursuit

Serrated edges

Types of Beaks: Describe Filtration

Long fringes, lamellae

Types of Beaks: Describe Chiseling Wood

Straight, strong

Types of Beaks: Describe Nectar Feeding

Long, skinny, long tongue

Food Movement: What are the three types?

Head throwing, lingual transport, filter feeding

Food Movement: What is Head Throwing?

Grabbing then throwing it towards back of mouth

Food Movement: What is Lingual Transport?

Tongue used to move food back

Food Movement: What is Filter Feeding

Modified bill and tongue to trap food and push water out

Within Species Differences: What are the 3 differences?

Beak, tongue, feet

Within Species Differences: What are the differences in Beaks?

Size, shape, food types

Within Species Differences: What are the differences in Tongue?

Made for beaks function

Within Species Differences: What are the three types of tongues?

Frilled, barbed, forked

Within Species Differences: What are the frilled tongues used for?

Filter feeding

Within Species Differences: What are the barbed tongues used for?

Insects

Within Species Differences: What are the forked tongues used for?

Nectar feeding

Within Species Differences: What are the differences in Feet?

Arrangement, location

Behavior Energetics: What is the drive for foraging behavior energy?

Efficiency

Behavior Energetics: What are the five different extra energy use behaviors?

Feathers, breeding, nest building, eggs, raising young

What are two Unusual Behaviors?

Tool use, caching