language and literacy midterm

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Which explanation best supports the inclusion of literacy within the SLP’s scope of practice?

Reading and writing are forms of language that draw on many of the same linguistic processes as speaking and listening

Which broad intervention goal makes the clearest connection between spoken- and written-language skills?

The student will use knowledge of prefixes, roots, and suffixes to determine the meanings of unfamiliar written words

A first-grade team wants to reduce the number of children who later experience serious reading difficulties. Which contribution most clearly reflects the SLP’s role in prevention?

Helping the team identify early language and phonological-awareness risk factors

A student has difficulty reading unfamiliar multisyllabic words and understanding how prefixes and suffixes affect meaning. Which combination of linguistic knowledge is most directly involved?

Phonology and morphology

Which sequence most closely reflects the organization of this course?

Foundations of reading and writing → typical and atypical development → assessment and intervention

A student spells jumped as jumpt and running as runing. Why might these errors be relevant to an SLP?

They may reflect interactions among phonology, morphology, and orthographic knowledge

Which statement best represents an appropriate boundary on the SLP’s literacy role?

SLPs may contribute to literacy assessment and intervention but should not assume expertise held by every other member of the educational team

A student is unsure whether generative AI may be used to help complete an applied learning activity. What should the student do?

Wait for explicit permission and follow the instructor’s stated expectations and limitations

Which statement most accurately distinguishes the roles of an SLP and a classroom teacher in literacy instruction?

Their roles may overlap, but the SLP contributes specialized knowledge about language and communication disorders

A student performs poorly on a reading screener. Which conclusion is most appropriate?

The result indicates possible risk and should be interpreted with additional information

A school asks an SLP to recommend a reading intervention because its publisher describes it as “language based” and “supported by the science of reading.” What should the SLP do first?

Determine whether the intervention’s targets, evidence, and intended population fit the student’s needs

A family asks whether the SLP can determine why their child is struggling to read. Which response best represents the SLP’s role?

“I can evaluate language and literacy skills within my expertise and collaborate with other professionals to develop a more complete understanding.”

A student reads words accurately but has difficulty understanding grade-level passages. Which information would be most relevant to the SLP’s assessment?

Oral vocabulary, syntax, and narrative comprehension

Which activity is most clearly outside the SLP’s independent area of professional responsibility?

Determining a visual impairment as the cause of a student’s reading difficulty

Which conclusion best reflects the author of Overcoming Dyslexia's discussion of parents and caregivers?

Parental advocacy can be important when families are informed and empowered

Describing reading as an “alphabetic code” emphasizes that beginning readers must learn to:

connect written symbols with units of spoken language

What is the most appropriate interpretation of the estimate that 70%–80% of children break the alphabetic code after about one year of instruction?

Most children learn readily, but a meaningful minority needs more intensive support

Which conclusion best captures the convergence between historical and contemporary descriptions of dyslexia?

Early descriptions recognized specific reading weaknesses, uneven ability profiles, and problems with access to identification

Why does the author of Overcoming Dyslexia challenge the description of dyslexia as a “hidden disability”?

ts effects are apparent to the person who experiences them daily

Why did early medical reports describe acquired word blindness more often than congenital reading difficulties?

Sudden changes in reading were easier to recognize and document

Which practice is most consistent with the research advances highlighted in Chapter 1 of Overcoming Dyslexia?

Selecting intervention primarily according to the child’s preferred learning style

Which statement best reflects Dr. Nettleship’s concern about reading difficulties in disadvantaged communities?

Reading difficulties in disadvantaged children were often attributed to broader circumstances and therefore overlooked

A late-19th-century researcher describes dyslexia as "congenital word blindness."

Which modern criticism would be most appropriate?

The explanation assumes reading difficulties are primarily visual rather than language-based

Which finding would provide the strongest challenge to the claim that writing evolved primarily from counting?

Evidence that early writing systems represented trade transactions

English is often described as an opaque orthography because:

Sound-symbol relationships are often inconsistent

Why was the argument that spoken and written language are both language an important conceptual shift?

It suggested that reading difficulties should be examined within broader theories of language development

Two students are learning to read. Student A is learning a highly transparent orthography and Student B is learning English.

Based on the chapter, which outcome would be most expected?

Student A will likely acquire sound-symbol correspondences more rapidly

A scholar argues that a perfectly phonetic writing system would be the most efficient possible writing system.

Which criticism of this claim is most consistent with the content of this chapter?

A purely phonetic system may obscure relationships among words that share meaning

What does the term "boustrophedon" mean?

Writing "as the ox plows"

Why is spoken language generally acquired more consistently than literacy?

Humans possess biological adaptations that support spoken language acquisition

Which scenario best illustrates the dorsal reading pathway?

Converting printed letters into speech sounds while decoding an unfamiliar word

A researcher finds that a beginning reader shows activation in both hemispheres while reading words. According to developmental models of reading, this pattern most likely indicates:

Typical early reading development.

A child recognizes a dog regardless of whether it is facing left or right. Which principle is MOST directly responsible for this ability?

Invariant visual recognition

Which observation would be LEAST consistent with the claim that writing systems evolved to fit the human brain?

Every writing system uses entirely unique visual principles unrelated to natural scenes

Which statement best reflects the neuronal recycling hypothesis?

Existing cortical systems are repurposed to support reading

The finding that reading can improve phonological processing provides evidence that:

Literacy influences spoken-language systems

Why are letters such as b and d particularly challenging for beginning readers?

Reading requires children to suppress a normally adaptive tendency toward mirror invariance

Which pattern is most consistent with the neural signature of dyslexia?

Reduced left posterior activation with greater compensatory engagement

Broca’s findings challenged the earlier belief that impaired speech primarily resulted from problems with the:

tongue

Which imaging method is primarily used to obtain a detailed image of brain structure?

Magnetic resonance imaging

Which statement best represents the particulate principle?

Phonemes remain distinct while combining into new sequences

What was especially notable about Leborgne’s communication profile?

He understood language but produced very limited speech

What is meant by the claim that the “knowledge gap” has been replaced by an “action gap”?

Existing knowledge is not consistently translated into educational practice

A student intends to say volcano but instead says tornado. Which interpretation is most consistent with the phonological model of dyslexia?

The student has difficulty retrieving the intended sound sequence

Why is phonemic-awareness instruction important?

It prepares children to connect speech sounds with printed letters

Which sequence best represents the typical progression toward phonemic awareness?

Words → syllables → phonemes

Which two understandings are most necessary for a beginning reader to break the reading code?

Phonemic awareness and the alphabetic principle

 A child can visually distinguish b from d but struggles to name other letters quickly. This pattern most strongly suggests difficulty with:

Linguistic retrieval

Which instructional sequence moves from an easier phonological task to a more difficult one?

Recognizing rhyme → segmenting syllables → manipulating phonemes

Which skill would generally be expected by the end of kindergarten?

Naming uppercase and lowercase letters and knowing most letter sounds

Which spoken-language profile may represent an early warning sign of dyslexia?

Advanced ideas accompanied by hesitations and vague words

The Stroop effect primarily demonstrates that:

Orthographic processing becomes automatic in skilled readers

A clinician simultaneously presents a printed word, fingerspells it, and signs it in ASL. This instructional strategy of providing access to the written form of a word to improve how accurately that word is learned or produced is called:

Orthographic facilitation

Which route of the dual-route model is most involved when sounding out a novel pseudoword?

Grapheme-phoneme conversion route

Seeing the word "giraffe" while learning its pronunciation is an example of:

Orthographic facilitationPriming

Which statement best distinguishes the dual-route and connectionist models?

The dual-route model proposes relatively separate pathways, whereas the connectionist model emphasizes massively parallel interaction

Which statement best describes mental orthographic representations?

Stored visual representations of words and word parts

The triangle model includes interactions among:

Orthography, semantics, and phonology

Which statement is most consistent with Frith's claim that "language is never the same again"?

Literacy changes how we process oral language