CLA 2103 ch1

Why did Greek historians traditionally date the start of the Roman Republic to 510 BC?

They synchronized the expulsion of Tarquinius Superbus with the 510 BC expulsion of the Athenian tyrant Hippias.

Who established 753 BC as the canonical, universally recognized date for Rome's foundation?

Marcus Terentius Varro.

What do archaeological excavations in the Forum indicate about Rome's true foundation?

Monumental public buildings only appear in the late 7th and early 6th centuries BC, suggesting a much later political foundation than 753 BC.

What do the Latin terms "conubium" and "commercium" mean?

Conubium means the right of marriage, and commercium means the mutual exchange of goods.

What was the Etruscan word for a king?

Luumno.

What was the "inauguratio" and why did it prevent hereditary monarchy?

A ceremony where the new king was "seized" (capere) and confirmed by Jupiter's bird flight signs; because this specific ritual trial was required, power could not automatically pass to a son.

What was the Roman magical ritual of "evocatio"?

Calling out the gods of an enemy city to abandon their people and join Rome.

What was the Roman magical ritual of "devotio"?

A general consecrating his own death to the gods of the underworld in exchange for victory.

What happened to the Fabian clan at the Cremera river in 477 BC?

They were defeated while fighting a private, aristocratic war against Veii.

What does the Satricum Inscription (referencing "men of Mars") prove about early Rome?

It proves the existence of private aristocratic warrior bands, showing Rome lacked a state monopoly on military force.

Who were the fetiales?

A newly created college of priests responsible for the rituals of declaring war and concluding peace.

According to the Twelve Tables, what happened to a patron who exploited their client?

They were punished by proscription.

What four rural tribes were created after the Roman conquest of Veii in 396 BC?

Armensis, Tromentina, Stellatina, and Subatina.

What was the Foedus Cassianum (Treaty of Cassius)?

A defensive alliance with the Latins granting equal spoils and jurisdiction, though Rome reserved half of all war booty.

How did the Roman alliance system treat "municipia" (subject communities)?

They had to take on the burdens of Roman citizens (munus capere) but had no political rights.

Did Rome levy taxes or tribute from its Italian allies?

No, they only required them to provide troops.

Who subjugated the Sabines in 290 BC?

Manius Curius Dentatus.

How did Rome's military manpower compare to Carthage's in the 3rd century BC?

Rome had massive militia reserves (hundreds of thousands), while Carthage had a tiny citizen army (25k-55k) and relied heavily on expensive mercenaries.

What did the Comitia Centuriata reform of 241 BC accomplish?

It linked tribes with property classes to ensure rural precedence over urban tribes.

Who were the "homines novi"?

"New men" who elevated their families into the nobility (nobilitas) by winning popular election to the consulship.

What were "imagines" in the context of Roman funerals?

Ancestor masks worn by relatives during funeral processions to display the family's historical glory and offices.

Who was the first plebeian consul elected in 366 BC?

Lucius Sextius Lateranus.

What were the duties of the Roman Aedile?

Managing public safety, religious games, the grain supply, and markets.

What were the duties of the Roman Censor?

Managing the census, leasing state properties, handling public contracts, and reconstituting the senate.

PPTX

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