Anatomy lab quiz 8 (neuron anatomy)

What is a tract

Bundle of axons in the CNS

What is a nerve

bundle of axons in the PNS

What is a nucleus

Cluster of neuronal cell bodies found in the CNS

What is a Ganglion

Cluster of neuronal somas in the PNS

What does the CNS consist of

Brain

Spinal cord

What does the PNS consist of

Spinal nerves

Cranial nerves

(Basicly everything else)

Describe neurons

Functional units

Sends messages through action potentials and neurotransmitters

Describe Glia

Support Cells

Protect, support, and anchor neurons in place

Form network called neuroglia

Label the parts of the neuron

Left to right going top to bottom:

Dendrites

Axon

Axon terminal

Soma

Myelin sheath

What determines if a potential is excitatory or inhibitory

Neurotransmitters and receptor type

What does EPSP stand for

Excitatory post synaptic potential

What does IPSP stand for

Inhibitory post synaptic potential

Describe the neuron process

Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron

Describe and draw a motor/afferent neuron

Transmits info to CNS (ex: temp, touch, light, sound)

Describe and draw an Interneuron

Connects sensory and motor neurons (Where “processing” happens)

Describe and draw a motor/efferent neuron

Transmits signals from CNS to muscles, glands, etc

Name and describe the 3 structures of neurons

Unipolar

• Signal process

• Mostly sensory

Bipolar

• 2 processes

• Rare; usually special senses (ex: hearing, smell)

Multipolar

• 3+ processes

• Most common

Draw a unipolar neuron

Draw a bipolar neuron

Draw a multipolar neuron

Define Integration

Sensory information is processed by the brain and higher regions of the spinal cord for appropriate responses to be initiated

Define Sensory

Various external and internal stimuli such as touch and increased blood pressure, are detected by sensory receptors distributed throughout the body

Define Motor

Impulses that generate a response in an effector organ

Describe the Peripheral nervous system

This is a primary division of the nervous system and is composed of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Describe the Autonomic nervous system

This is a subdivision of the nervous system, made of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

It involves involuntary motor responses meaning that they are not consciously controlled.

Describe the Somatic nervous system

This is a subdivision of the nervous system

It involves motor responses that are voluntary or conscious in nature.

Describe the Central nervous system

This is a primary division of the nervous system

Composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Describe the Enteric nervous system

This is a subdivision of the nervous system often called the 'brain of the gut'

involves involuntary responses of the GI tract such as peristalsis.

Describe the Nucleus

This structure is a cluster of neuronal cell bodies found in the CNS

Describe Ganglion

This structure is a cluster of neuronal cell bodies found in the PNS

Describe Nerve

This structure is a bundle of axons in the PNS

Describe White matter

This structure consists largely of myelinated axons and blood vessels

Describe Gray matter

This structure consists of unmyelinated axons, neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, supporting neuroglia, and blood vessels

Describe Tracts

This structure is a bundle of axons in the CNS.

What is the insulating structure produced by the oligodendrocyte

Myelin sheath

What is the entire neuronal structure beneath the oligodendrocyte cell

Axon

What is the specific section called where summation of AP occurs

Axon hillock

Identify all these places

A- Axon hillock

B- Dendrites

C- Axon

D- /myelin sheath

E- Soma/Body

Describe a Bipolar neuron

type of neuron has one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body

Describe a multipolar neuron

type of neuron has multiple dendrites and a single axon extending from the soma

Describe a unipolar neuron

type of neuron has dendrites and a singular axon extending as a fused process from the soma

Describe a motor neuron

This type of neuron relays impulses from the CNS to effector organs, muscles, or glands

Describe an interneuron

type of neuron, found in the CNS, bridge the gap between sensory and motor neurons

Describe a sensory neuron

type of neuron conveys sensory information from sensory receptors to the CNS.

Describe Satellite cells

type of neuroglial cell provides structural support

Forms a barrier that regulates the exchange of substances between neuronal cell bodies and the surrounding interstitial fluid of the PNS

Protective and cushioning

Describe Oligodendrocytes

type of neuroglial cell functions in producing the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS

Describe Schwann cells

type of neuroglial cells produces the myelin sheath in the PNS

Describe ependymal cells

s type of neuroglial cell lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

The location of these cells allows them to play an important role in the secretion and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Describe Miroglial cells

type of neuroglial cell is the smallest of those found in the CNS

Serve a protective/defensive role in the CNS where they remove cellular debris

Describe Astrocytes

type of neuroglial cell is the most abundant and largest of the neuroglial cells found in the CNS.

They function in maintaining the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support to the CNS

What glial cells are found in the CNS

Astrocytes

Microglia

Ependymal cells

Oligodendrocytes

What Glial cells are found in the PNS

Satellite cells

Schwann cells