Exam III

Taiwan was incorporated into the ____ Empire before being ceded to Japan

Qing

Under the 1942 Cairo Declaration and Japan’s post-WWII defeat, sovereignty over Taiwan was transferred to the …

Republic of China

After the Chinese Civil War: Both the PRC and ROC maintained a ____ claim, that they were the sole representation of China

One China

When the Korean War broke out, President Truman ordered a Fleet into the ____ to prevent conflict

Taiwan Strait

This is the Communique during the Nixon administration. Where America “acknoweledged” that there is one China and Taiwan is a part of China

What was the Shanghai Communique?

This is the Communiqué under the Carter administration, where America established formal diplomatic relations with Beijing and cut ties with the ROC

What was the Normalization Communique?

After cutting official ties with the ROC, this act was passed by Congress to ensure America had strategic interest in Taiwan

What was the Taiwan Relations Act?

This is a proposed system from Deng Xiaoping, a framework offering local autonomy under PRC sovereignty

What was "One Country, Two Systems"?

This Taiwanese political party shifted away from declaring formal independence, arguing that Taiwan is already a sovereign, independent state

What is the Democratic Progressive Party?

This is a Law passed by Beijing which authorized “non-peacefu means” if Taiwan declares independence

What is the Anti-Secession Law?

This Taiwanese President pursued rapprochement through the 1992 Consensus, “One China, different interpretations.”

Who is KMT President Ma Ying-jeou?

This was a 2014 Protest over cross-strait trade

What was the 2014 Sunflower Protest?

This President after Ma Ying-jeou pledged to maintain cross-Strait quo but refused to endorse any “One China” principle

Who is Tsai Ing-wen?

As a result of Tsai Ign-wen refusing to endorse any “One China” principle, Beijing….

severed official dialogue

The shift in Taiwan’s sovereignty is attributed to Taiwan’s overall

democratization

This Taiwanese President pursued symbolic de-sinicization (e.g., renaming China Post to Taiwan)

Who is Chen Shui-bian?

The 2019 crackdown on Hong Kong’s democracy protest undermined Beijings _____ and produced public fear in ____

One Country, Two Systems; Taiwan

Public Opinion and National Identity in Taiwan: Taiwanese identity _____ while dual identity (both Taiwanese and Chinese) _____

rose, dropped

Public Opinion: Taiwanese support declaring independence if it can be achieved ….

peacefully

Public Opinion: Taiwanese _____ declaring independence if it leads to a PRC attack

oppose

Public Opinion: Even if Taiwan and China had similar political, economic, and social systems, Taiwanese ___ unification

oppose

Describe this statement: The so-called “1992 Consensus” was never an actual agreement on the legal meaning of “one China.”

What is the main argument of the Chen article?

Chen: During the Ma administration, the KMT and the CPP ___ sovereignty disputes to fuel bilaterial cooperation

shelved

Chen: Beijing maintains its strict _____, asserting that Taiwan is a part of territorry of the PRC

one-China Principle

Chen: The ____ interprets cross-Strait ties through the One Country, Respective Interpretations. They define China as the ROC while recognizing that Beijing holds a different interpretation

KMT

Chen: The ___ is basically “No to ‘One China’”, they assert that Taiwan is already an independent, sovereign country under the ROC, rejecting both the 1992 Consensus and 1 country, 2 systems

DPP

Chen: Across both the KMT and DDP, both parties accept a domestic consensus: Taiwan is already a democratic ___ state

sovereign

This is the overarching, contested political concept asserting that there is only one China, Beijing → PRC, Taipei → ROC

What is “One China?”

This is Beijing’s official doctrine asserting that there is only one China in the world, Taiwan is part of China, and the PRC is the sole legitimate government of all of China

What is the "One China" principle?

This is a political formula, coined by a KMT politician, and has be used as an ambiguous basis to shelve status disputs and facilitate cooperation

What is the "1992 Consensus?"

This is the KMT’s framing of the 1992 Consensus, which posits that both sides belong to “one China” but each retains the right to its own definitions

What is One Country, Respective Interpretations?

This is Beijing’s proposed unification framework offering local administrative autonomy under PRC sovereignty, which is rejected by both the DDP and KMT

What is the "One Country, Two Systems" framework?

In mainland China, 71% of people find Taiwanese separation to be _____ and over 50% support ____ actions (war, military coercion, economic sanctions).

unacceptable; coercive

Describe this statement: Taiwan represents an IMPORTANT U.S. national security interest, but NOT a VITAL one (for which the U.S. should risk a direct nuclear war with China)

What is the main argument of the Swaine article?

Swaine: If China were to seize Taiwan, the immediate strategic consequence would be a tightening and ____ and strengthening of U.S. bilateral defense ties

tightening

Swaine: Argues that China gains no major ____ (over Taiwan) that would enable Beijing to military dominate East Asia

advantage

Swaine: Japan and the Philippines hold formidable geographic ____ along their respective segments of the First Island Chain

advantages

Swaine: Taiwan is not a ____ mutual defense treaty ally and obligations under the Taiwan Relations Act are not ___ commitments

formal treaty, binding

Swaine: The U.S. is not morally obligated to guarantee the ___ of foreign democracies when doing so ____ catastrophic great-power war

security, risks provoking

This U.S. framework recognizes the PRC as the sole legal government and acknowledges, without accepting, the PRC’s claims that Taiwan is part of China

What is the U.S. “One China” Policy?

US security commitment to Taiwan is ___: no diplomatic ties, no formal alliance treaty

Informal

US security commitment to Taiwan is ____: No expliict commitments to intervene in event of conflict

Ambiguous

Dilemma 1: US having an interest in Taiwan’s security, but concerns that US commitments might ____ Taiwanese behavior not in U.S. interest

incentivize

Dilemma 2: Increase credibility commitments to Taiwan’s security has the effect of _____ relations with the PRC

worsening

Washington believed that Tsai was ____, especially relative to Chen Shui-bian

cautious

Beijing believed that Tsai doesn’t ____ 1 China, supports Taiwanese ___, and wants to ____ relations the U.S. (PRC leaders being more suspicious of Tsai

support, independence, upgrade

Beijing views actions in the Taiwan Starit as reacting towards Taiwan mover farther away ____, and having American ____

politically, support

Washington views increased tension in the Taiwan Strait primarily caused by ____ PRC policies

aggressive

Examples suggesting ____ US support for Taiwan: naval passages, large-scale arm sales, troops in Taiwan for training, and having rhetoric to defend Taiwan

increased

Examples suggesting ___ US support for Taiwan: Ambigious speeches from Presidents, delaying US arm sales, and reduction in naval passages

decreased

Describe this statement: Cross-Strait deterrence remains structurally stable, making a Sino-American war over Taiwan very avoidable

What is the main argument of the Yoder article

Yoder: Reunification efforts carry military, economic, diplomatic, and domestic costs for ____, while benefits of conquering Taiwan are ____

Beijing, low

Yoder: The great risk of conflict comes from U.S. policy missteps that ____ commitment problems, ____ economic decoupling

exacerbate, and encourage

Yoder: This is the foundational framework in modern international to explain the causes of war

What is the rationalist bargaining model?

Yoder: Resolving the Taiwan issue cannot continue to be ___ from generation to generation

passed down

Yoder: As China’s economic ____ has slowed, the CCP has raised the domestic ____ of Taiwan

slow, value

Yoder: In a survey, 100% agreed that Chinese leaders assume the United States will ___ militarily in a Taiwan issue

intervene

Yoder: An invasion of Taiwan would confront a ____ including the U.S., Japan, Australia, and the Philippines

coalition of allies

Yoder: Even if China is _____, China would face a devasted Taiwanese infrastructure and a fiercely hostile populace

victorious

Yoder: While Trump raises fears of abandonment, Yoder consideres abandonment ____ given the Taiwan Relations Act, anto-China sentiment, and leader desires to deter Beijing

unlikely

The South China Sea is ____ in natural resources, such as fisheries, oil, and gas reserves

rich

In the South China Sea, there are ______: competing, overlapping sovereignty claims over land formations (small islands, submerged coral reefs)

territorial disputes

In the South China Sea: ____ anchors its terr

South China Sea: Beijing’s boundary is based on the ______: which originated in late 1940s ROC maps

nine-dash line

South China Sea: These islands was occupied by South Vietnam but was eventually seized by the PRC in a naval clash

What is the Paracel Islands

South China Sea: These islands include over 230 total formations, occupied by Vietnam, Philippines, China, and Taiwan

What is the Spratly Islands?

South China Sea: This is a submerged reef; the Philippines beached a decaying ship, and Beijing contests in this area through water cannons and cutting off Philippine supplies

What is the Second Thomas Shoal?

South China Sea: Countries (Vietnam and China) engage in building _____ islands to expand their exclusive economic zones

artificial

South China Sea: This international legal framework provides legal distinctions on internal waters, territorial sea, execlusive economic zones, and distinictions between islands and rocks

What is the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)?

South China Sea: ____ cannot sustain human life

rocks and reefs

South China Sea: An international tribunal ruled that China’s nine-dash line has

South China Sea: The Philippines and the U.S. have a formal bilateral….

defense treaty.

South China Sea: Unlike the Senkaku Islands where the U.S. acknowledges Japanese administrative control and applies Article five, the U.S. takes _____ on land disputes in the SCS

no position

Describe this statement: Analyzing, at what level of risk, the United States should resist China in the South China Sea. U.S. interest in SCS are limited and current policy is the optimal choice

What is the main argument of the Glaser article?

Glaser: U.S.material and security interests in the South China are quite ____: doesnt imperil U.S. security commerical shipping or the defense of Northeast Asian allies

limited

Glaser: Cureent U.S. policy represents the ____ choice: neither escalating to defend over rocks nor threatening full retenchment

best

Glaser: The United States should _____ fight a major war over low-value stakes. They should ___ a limited Chinese sphere of influence

not, accept

Glaser: China deploys ____to the South China Sea: Coast Guard and Armed Forces Maritime Militia

multi-layered forces

Glaser: Between 2014 and 2015 China has been ____ building islands and even ____ them with runways, aircraft hangers, missile shelters

artifically, militarizing

Glaser: One factor that motivates Beijing’s behavior for ____ contingency: securing the northern SCS for a potential landing on Taiwan and to block U.S. reinforcements

Taiwan

Glaser: One factor that motiavtes Beijing behavior is for sea lines of ____: defensing maritime sea routes against U.S. blockades

communication

Glaser: Focuses on oil and gas within the South China Sea are ____ a major driver (