week 2: chapter 2- Skull and Brain UT 201 Sectional Anatomy

What structures separate the right and left sides of the nasal cavity (coronal view)?

Crista galli, perpendicular plate, and vomer

Where are the ethmoid sinuses located relative to the maxillary sinuses?

Superior and medial

What structures form the wall separating the right and left halves of the nasal cavity (sagittal view)?

Septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and vomer

Which bone is known as the keystone of the cranium?

Sphenoid bone

Why is the sphenoid bone called the keystone of the cranium?

It articulates with all other cranial bones

Into what three parts is the cranial fossa divided?

Anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae

What passes through the base of the skull?

A large variety of openings (foramina)

What forms the bony hard palate?

Palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal lamina of the palatine bone

What structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

Brain and spinal cord

What connects the two halves of the brain?

They join together to form the spinal cord

What are the major grooves on the surface of the cerebrum?

Lateral (Sylvian) fissure, central sulcus, and parieto-occipital sulcus

Which lobes are separated by the major grooves of the cerebrum?

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

Where is the brain stem located?

Below the cerebrum and anterior to the cerebellum

What forms the brain stem?

A collection of nerves passing between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord

What are nuclei within the cerebrum?

Collections of nerve cell bodies

Which structures are shown centrally in the basal nuclei?

Thalamus and putamen

Where does the caudate nucleus terminate?

Beside the amygdaloid body

Are the basal nuclei paired?

Yes, they are found on both the right and left sides

The basal nuclei consist of what type of tissue?

Gray matter (nerve cell bodies)

What separates the basal nuclei?

White matter (nerve fiber bundles)

What separates the thalamus and globus pallidus?

Internal capsule

What separates the putamen and claustrum?

External capsule

Where does the C-shaped caudate nucleus run?

Along the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle

What are the three meningeal layers?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

What fills the subarachnoid space?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

What is the function of the meninges and CSF?

Protect the brain

What do folds of the dura mater form?

Venous sinuses

What does the falx cerebri separate?

Right and left cerebral hemispheres

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

Cerebellum from the posterior cerebrum

Where are the major veins of the head located?

Outside the brain

Where does most venous blood from the head drain?

Internal jugular veins

Where are the major arteries of the head located?

Outside the brain

Which arteries provide most of the blood supply to the brain?

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

What are the ventricles?

Openings within the brain that contain CSF

Why are the ventricles important in sectional anatomy?

They serve as landmarks for slice location

Where is CSF produced?

Choroid plexus within the ventricles

How does CSF circulate?

Through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

Superior sagittal sinus into the bloodstream

What is CSF?

Cerebrospinal fluid

What is another name for the lateral fissure?

Sylvian fissure

Which meningeal layer is the outermost?

Dura mater

Which meningeal layer is the middle layer?

Arachnoid mater

Which meningeal layer is directly attached to the brain?

Pia mater

Which sinus reabsorbs CSF into the bloodstream?

Superior sagittal sinus

What is gray matter composed of?

Nerve cell bodies

What is white matter composed of?

Nerve fiber bundles

What landmark is commonly used to determine brain slice location?

Ventricles