Spanish Colonialism and Encomienda System in the Philippines

These flashcards cover important concepts related to the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, specifically focusing on the encomienda system, its implications, and the socio-political dynamics introduced by Spanish governance.

What was the significance of Fernando Riquel's testimony in 1576 regarding the encomiendas in the Philippines?

It documented the distribution of encomiendas among Spanish conquistadors and highlighted the historical, geographical, and political context of Spanish colonial rule.

What major event opened access to Asia and marked the beginning of Spanish colonization in the Philippines?

Ferdinand Magellan's expedition.

Who were the key figures in the Spanish exploration that led to the establishment of colonial rule in the Philippines?

Ruy López de Villalobos and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.

What is an encomienda?

A system where Spanish conquerors were granted control over local populations and their labor in exchange for protection and Christianization.

What were the three types of encomiendas defined in the lecture?

Royal Encomienda (lands assigned to the king), Ecclesiastical Encomienda (lands belonging to the church), and Private Encomienda (lands distributed to individuals).

What responsibilities did an encomendero have towards the natives?

To collect taxes, provide Christian education, and protect the natives.

What was the Tributo in the context of Spanish colonialism?

A tax required to be paid by native Filipinos as a demonstration of loyalty to the Spanish government.

What conditions were outlined in Gomez Perez Dasmariñas' order for collecting tributes?

Collection should avoid excesses, apply only where there was just administration and religious instruction, and exempt areas not pacified.

What was the polo y servicio system during Spanish rule?

A forced labor system requiring natives to work for the colonial government without proper compensation.

What were some of the exemptions from the polo y servicio system?

Upper class natives, those who could pay daily fees, and persons with disabilities.

What did the Royal Decree issued in 1609 state about repartimiento?

It regulated forced labor, ensuring Indians were not exploited and compensated for work, and set terms for when and how they could be required to work.

What was the impact of encomienda and tributo on native Filipinos?

It imposed financial burdens, caused widespread hardship, forced labor, and contributed to the deterioration of their living conditions.

How did the encomienda system change Philippine social structures?

It created social stratification, privileging Spanish settlers while oppressing and exploiting indigenous populations.