Psychology Review: Maslow, Rogers, Freud, Skinner, Jung, and Key Terms

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering major theories and definitions from Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, Carl Jung, and foundational schools of psychology.

Humanism

Focuses on human potential, personal growth, and reaching your full potential.

Hierarchy of Needs

A framework created by Abraham Maslow containing 5 levels: Physiological → Safety → Love/Belonging → Esteem → Self-Actualization.

Physiological Needs

Basic needs like food, water, breathing, sleep, and homeostasis.

Safety Needs

Security, health, employment, resources, and stability.

Love/Belonging

Friendship, family, relationships, and connection.

Esteem

Self-respect, confidence, achievement, recognition, and respect.

Internal Esteem

Feeling competent, capable, independent, and accomplished.

External Esteem

Recognition, respect, status, and appreciation from others.

Self-Actualization

An ongoing process of reaching your full potential, requiring authenticity, creativity, growth, purpose, and meaning.

Healthy Esteem

Self-respect, independence, realistic self-appraisal, and accepting differences.

Unhealthy Esteem

Inferiority, dependence on others, and needing approval or reputation.

Conditional Positive Regard

Acceptance and approval are given only when expectations are met.

Unconditional Positive Regard

Accepting and valuing someone for who they are, even when they make mistakes.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Focuses on the role of the unconscious in behaviour.

Id

The unconscious part of personality driven by pleasure.

Ego

The part of personality that follows the reality principle.

Superego

The part of personality guided by moral principles.

Operant Conditioning

Learning through consequences and reinforcement.

Positive Reinforcement

Adding something to increase a behaviour (e.g., giving a dog a treat for performing a trick).

Negative Reinforcement

Removing something to increase a behaviour (e.g., removing leash pressure when the dog sits).

Punishment

A consequence that decreases a behaviour (e.g., removing attention when a dog jumps).

Anima

The unconscious feminine side of a man's personality.

Animus

The unconscious masculine side of a woman's personality.

The Self (Jung)

The complete personality containing conscious and unconscious parts.

Persona

The social mask we present to the world.

Structuralism

Studying the parts of the mind and conscious experience.

Functionalism

Studying the purpose or function of the mind.

Behaviorism

Focusing on observable, measurable behaviour.

Classical Conditioning

Learning by associating one thing with another, discovered by Pavlov showing people and animals can learn associations between signals and responses.