Vet Term - Chapter 10

Integumentary System

consists of skin and its appendages

Epithelial Tissue

What the skin is composed of

Dermatology

study of the skin

Epidermis

the outermost layer of the skin

Squamous Epithelium

composed of flat, platelike cells

Stratum Basale; Stratum Germinativum

deepest or basal layer that continually multiplies to replenish cells lost from the epidermal surface

Cuboidal

cubelike cells are arranged in rows

Stratum Spinosum

layer immediately superficial to the stratum basale

Keratinization

the development of the hard, protein constituent of hair, nail, epidermis, horny structures, and tooth enamel

Desquamation

the process in which cell organelles gradually dissolve

Stratum Granulosum

layer immediately superficial to the stratum spinosum

Stratum Lucidum

layer immediately superficial to the stratum granulosum, which is clear because of the accumulation of keratin fibers in cell cytoplasm

Stratum Corneum

most superficial layer of the epidermis, which consists of layers of dead, highly karatinized and flattened cells

Keratin

a protein that provides skin with its waterproofing properties

Melanocytes

produce and contain black pigment

Melanin

black pigment made by melanocytes

Albinism

the absence of normal pigmentation

Dermis; Corium

the layer directly deep to the epidermis

Perception

the ability to recognize sensory stimuli

Tactile Perception

the ability to recognize touch sensation

Fibroblasts

fiber-producing cells

Collagen

tough, flexible, fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

Histiocytes; Macrophages

phagocytic cells that engulf foreign substances

Mast Cells

cells that responded to insult by producing and releasing histamine and heparin

Histamine

a chemical released in response to allergens that cause itching

Heparin

anticoagulant chemical released in response to injury

Subcutaneous Layer; Hypodermis

located deep to or under the dermis and is composed of connective tissue

Sebaceous Glands; Oil Glands

secrete an oily substance called sebum

Ducts

where sebum is released from its glands; opens into the hair follicles

Ductules

tiny ducts

Holocrine Glands

Sebaceous glands

Sweat or Sudoriferous Glands

aggregations of cells located in the dermis

Eccrine Glands

produces and secrete water, salt, and waste and are located in various regions of the body depending on the species

Apocrine Glands

produce and secrete a strong-smelling substance into the hair follicles

Hyperthermia

high body temperature

Hypothermia

low body temperature

Hidrosis

the production and excretion of sweat

Anhidrosis

the abnormal reduction of sweating

Hyperhidrosis

excessive sweating

Ceruminous Glands

modified sweat glands that are located in the ear canal

Cerumen

a waxy substance of varying colors depending on the species; commonly called earwax

Cuticle

one cell layer think and appears scaly

Cortex

the main component of the hair shaft, is several layers thick, and is responsible for coat color

Medulla

the innermost component of the hair shaft

Root

the portion of the hisr below the skin surface and is surrounded by a hair follicle

Fur

short, fine, soft hair

Pelt

skin in addition to fur or hair

Guard Hairs; Primary Hairs, Topcoat

long, straight, stiff hairs that form the outer coat

Secondary Hairs; Undercoat

finer, softer, and wavy hair

Tactile Hair; Vibrissae

long, brittle, extremely sensitive hairs usually located on the face; example, cat whiskers

Cilia

thin, short hairs; example, eyelashes

Simple Pattern Hair Growth

guard hairs that grow from separate follicular openings, as in cattle

Compound Pattern Hair Growth

multiple guard hairs that grow from single follicles, as in dogs

Shedding

normal hair loss caused by temperature, hormones, photoperiod (light), nutrition, and other nondisease causes

Follicles

tubes that hold the hair fibers

Arrector Pili

a tiny muscle attached to the hair follicle that causes the hair to stand erect in response to cold temperatures or stress

Piloerection

the condition of the hair standing straight up

Fungi

vegetative organisms that grow as branched, hairlike filaments

Walls

located dorsal and lateral to the distal phalanx

Sole

located ventral to the distal phalanx and usually is flaky

Foot Pads; Tori

provide cushioning and protection for the bones of the foot

Digital Pads

on the palmar and plantar surfaces of the phalanges

Metacarpal and Metatarsal Pads

singular pads located on the palmar and plantar surfaces of the metacarpal and metatarsal areas

Carpal Pads

located on the palmar surface of each carpus

Digitgrade

animals that walk on their toes, with only the digital and metacarpal and metatarsal pads making contact with the ground

Plantigrade

animals that have well-developed foot pads, such as those in primates

Nails; Claws

keratin plates covering the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx

Quick

connective tissue containing numerous blood vessels and nerve endings beneath the wall and sole

Coronary Band; Coronet (Equine)

region where hoof meets the skin

Periople (Equine)

flaky tissue band located at the junction of the coronary band and the hoof wall and extends distally

Wall (Equine)

epidermal tissue that includes the toe (front), quarters (sides) and heels (back)

Bars (Equine)

raised V-shape structure on ventral surface of hoof

Sole (Equine)

softer hoof tissue located on the ventral surface of the hoof

Frog (Equine)

V-shaped pad of soft horn located in the central region of the ventral hoof surface

Bulbs of Heel (Equine)

upward thickening of the frog above the heels of the wall

Quicking

the term used to describe trimming the nail or claw to the level of the dermis; results in bleeding and pain

Hooves

the horny covering of the distal phalanx in hooved animals

Ungulates;

hooved animals

Corium

the dermis of the hoof and is located under the epidermal surface of the hoof wall, sole, and frog

Dewclaws

rudimentary bones

Chestnuts

located on the medial surface of the leg in equine

Ergots

located in a tuft of hair on the fetlock joint in equine

Horns

permanent structures that grow continuously after birth

Cornification

the conversion of epithelium into keratin or horn

Polled

naturally hornless breeds

Antlers

not permanent structures and are shed and regrown annually

Velvet

the skin that initially covers the antlers; the animal rubs off the velvet, exposing the bone, cutting off the blood supply causing the antlers to shed

Biopsy

removal of living tissue for examination of life

Incisional Biopsy

the removal of a piece of a tumor or lesion for examination

Incision

a cut into tissue

Excisional Biopsy

the removal of an entire tumor or lesion in addition to a margin of surrounding tissue for examination

Excision

a cut out of tissue

Culture

diagnostic or research procedure used to allow microbes to reproduce in predetermined media

Tissue Culture

takes epithelial cells and grows them in a medium so that intracellular microbes such as viruses can replicate

Exfoliative Cytology

scraping of cells from tissue and examination under a microscope

Exfoliative

falling off

Intradermal Skin Testing

injection of test substances into the skin layer to observe a reaction

Purified Protein Derivative

tuberculosis testing

Skin Scrape

microscopic examination of skin for the presence of mites

Abrasion

injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped