DNA REPLICATION

Grifiths experiment

Found that live rough strains could host the heat killed DNA from S strains that were deadly and killed the mice

Avery McLeod and McCarty

Treated bacteria extracts w/ enzymes that destroyed different molecules: Proteinase= transformation RNase= transformation, DNase= no transformation

Hershey and Chase

Radioactive biophages, 32P labeled DNA while 35S labeled Proteins. They found that DNA entered the bacteria and not protein- so DNA carries info

Meselsohn and Stahl

DNA replication: conservative= og dbl helix remains intact and two new ones form semi conservative: each daughter has 1 old and 1 new, dispersive: old and new are mixed throughout each-

helicase

unzips the dna into two strands

topoisomerase

relieves twisting and tension HJ1 and HJ2- vert and horizontal

ssb

keeps separated dna from rejoining

rna primase

created short ran primers for dna poly lll

rna primer

providers free 3’-OH starting point for DNA synthesis

dna poly lll

adds nucleotides to build new DNA strands

dna poly l

in bacteria removes RNA primers and replaces and replaces with DNA

ligase

joins fragments

leading strand

new dna made 5’-3’ towards on fork

lagging strand

new short DNA made away from the fork

okasaki

short sections of the lagging strand

replication fork

y shaped where DNA is being copied

bubble

open region

Origin if replication

loco where DNA rep begins

dna nucleotides

A T C G building blocks

Template strands

original strand used to determine sequence of DNA

PCR: DAE

Denatuation: separated DNA strands, Annealing: primers bond, Extension: poly lll synthesizes DNA

Central dogma

Transcription: IET

DNA → RNA Initionation: RNA poly binds to promoter, Elongation: RNA poly synthesizes mRNA: 5’ → 3’, Termination: transcript stops and RNA is released

DNA or RNA

DNA (H) then RNA (OH)

Plz Donor

template for the LacZ shut off

DNA replair

Homologous repair

SgRNA

guide for CAS 9

Cas 9

cuts DNA

IX: PlzDonor, X DNA repaire system, _?_ sgRNA, _?_ Donor Temp: COLOR

IX PlzDonor, X DNA repaire system, _?_ sgRNA, _?_ Donor Temp: COLOR

IX: PlzDonorGuide, X DNA repaire system, _?_ sgRNA, _?_ Donor Temp: COLOR

IX: PlzDonorGuide, X DNA repaire system, _?_ sgRNA, _?_ Donor Temp: COLOR

IX/ARA: PlzDonor, DNA repaire system, _?_ sgRNA, _?_ Donor Temp: COLOR

IX/ARA: PlzDonor, DNA repaire system, _?_ sgRNA, _?_ Donor Temp: COLOR

IX/ARA: PlzDonorGuide, DNA repaire system, _?_ sgRNA, _?_ Donor Temp: COLOR

IX/ARA: PlzDonorGuide, DNA repaire system, _?_ sgRNA, _?_ Donor Temp: COLOR

STEP 1: Double strand Break Formation

Spo11

Step 2: DNA 5’ end resection

mre 11 rad50 nbs1

Step 3: Strand Inversion

Dmc1

Step 4 DNA Synthesis

DNA pol Delta

Step 5: Second Strand Capture

Rad 52 Dna pol delta

Ligation and Dbl Holiday Junction Formation

Ligase

Holiday Junction Resolution

Sgs 1 Top3 Rmi 1