HK 302 - lecture 2

intro to the LE

axial skeleton

bones that lie along the axis of the body (skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum)

appendicular skeleton

bones of the extremities (pectoral girdle & free bones, pelvic girdle & free bones)

pelvic girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

bony landmarks of pelvic girdle (review diagrams)

• obturator foramen

• ischial tuberosity

• iliac crest

• greater and lesser sciatic notches (ischial spine)

• ASIS

• AIIS

• PSIS

• PIIS

pubic symphysis

• cartilaginous joint between pubic bones

• anterior most portion of the pelvic ring; painful to palpate

• small amount of movement available

• this joint is connected by fibrocartilage and the superior and inferior pubic ligaments

SI joint

• synovial joint between the sacrum and ilium

• two joints - one on each side of the sacrum

• tends to stiffen with age (males more than females)

SI joint ligaments

sacroiliac ligaments:

• tend to be weak while posterior are very strong

sacrotuberous ligament:

• runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

sacrospinous ligament:

• runs from the sacrum to the ischial spine

SI joint pain/dysfunction

signs and symptoms:

• difficulty with sit to stand after prolonged period of sitting

• possible tenderness/tightness in musculature and sacrotuberous ligament

management:

• ice, NSAIDs

• rehabilitation that includes fleixibility program for associated muscles, and spinal stabilization exercises