Cell structure

Organelle

"Small organs" of the cell that carry out specific functions

Nucleus

Controls cell activates and contains the genetic material (DNA)

Nuclear envelope

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus that regulates what enters and exits.

Chromatin

Uncoiled DNA and proteins inside the nucleus.

plasma membrane

Outer selective barrier that regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Cytosol

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm surrounding the organelles.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Network without ribosomes that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals.

Ribosomes

Small complexes that carry out protein synthesis.

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport or secretion.

Mitochondrion

Powerhouse of the cell; produces ATP through cellular respiration.

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes to break down waste, debris, and foreign material.

Cell Membrane

"Border control", controls what comes in and out of the cell; maintains homeostasis

Cytoskeletal elements

Internal framework of microfilaments and intermediate filaments providing shape, support, and movement.

Microtubules

Hollow protein tubes that maintain cell shape and assist in intracellular transport.

Intermediate filaments

Fibrous protein strands that stabilize cell structure and anchor organelles.

Cell wall

Rigid outer layer found in plants, fungi, and bacteria that provides structural support and protection.

Cilia

The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner

Flagella

A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility (movement). Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated

Centrioles

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

Chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes