RS matching

Simile

A comparison using “like” or “as.”

Personification

Giving human qualities or actions to nonhuman things.

Synecdoche

Using a part to represent the whole.

Metaphor

A direct comparison saying one thing is another.

Allusion

An indirect reference to something outside the text.

Metonymy

Replacing something with a closely associated term.

Apostrophe

Directly addressing someone or something that is absent.

Parallelism

Repeating similar grammatical structures.

Antithesis

Contrasting ideas expressed in parallel structure.

Chiasmus

Reversing structure or ideas in an AB–BA pattern.

Tricolon

A phrase or sentence made of three parallel parts.

Syllepsis

Using one word with two others in different senses.

Ellipsis

Leaving out words that can be understood from context.

Anastrophe

Reversing normal word order.

Anthimeria

Using one part of speech as another.

Anaphora

Repeating a word or phrase at the beginnings of successive units.

Anadiplosis

Repeating the end of one unit at the beginning of the next.

Epistrophe

Repeating a word or phrase at the ends of successive units.

Epizeuxis

Repeating the same word immediately with no words between.

Epanalepsis

Repeating the same word or phrase at the beginning and end.

Asyndeton

Omitting conjunctions between items in a series.

Polysyndeton

Using repeated conjunctions between items in a series.

Understatement

Making something seem less important or serious than it is.

Hyperbole

Deliberate exaggeration for emphasis or effect.

Climax

Arranging ideas in increasing order of importance or intensity.

Erotema

A rhetorical question that makes a statement rather than seeking an answer.

Dramatic irony

When the audience knows something a character does not.

Verbal irony

Saying one thing while meaning something different.

Situational irony

When what happens is very different from what is expected.

Hypophora

Asking a question and then answering it.

Metabasis

A transition that summarizes what came before and introduces what follows.

Procatalepsis

Anticipating an objection and responding to it.