The French Revolution Honors World

King Louis XIV (14)

Led his country into crippling wars

Proclaimed himself as Sun King

Spent too much for the French economy

Raised taxes to pay for wars

led for 72 years

King Louis XVI (16)

Married to Marie Antoinette

Spent lavishly

Tried to flee to avoid French execution

Marie Antoinette

Spent Lavishly

Hated by French people

Nicknamed Madame Defecit

Built model farm

Louis XVIII

New king after Louis XVI was exiled

Jaques Necker

Genevan banker and financial advisor for France

Olympe de Gouges

Wrote Declaration of rights of women

ideas rejected

executed for being enemy of Revolution

Citizen Louis Capet

Louis XVI citizen name

Guillotined by 1 vote in January of 1793

Maximillian Robespierre

Ringleader for Reign of terror

Committee for Public Safety member

Executed any enemy of revolution

Passed law suspending trials and legal assistance

Guillotined by 1 vote in January of 1973

Louis XVI

George Daques Danton

Such forceful defense that the convention came up with a rule to conquer his disrespect

Argued to end Reign of Terror

Jean-Paul Marat

Despised girondists

Killed in bathtub

Symbolized as similar to Jesus

Charlotte Corday

Royalist Sympathizer who killed Marat “in order to save 1,000 men”

Guillotined on July 17, 1793

Jacques Louis David

Leading French painter known as master of Neoclassicism style

Napoleon

French ruler reigned from 1804-1814

“Hero of the revolution”

Napoleon

Abandoned his troops in Europe, but concealed it from the press

Concordat of 1801

An agreement signed by Napoleon and the Pope to restore the Roman Catholic Church

Lycee system of Education

New education system established by Napoleon similar to highschool

Coup d’etat

When Napoleon overthrew the directory

Three man consul formed

Helped France recover from economic crisis

Napoleonic code

Reformed French legal code to reflect principles of revolution

Focused on merit not status

Jean Francois Champollion

Helped decipher Rosetta Stone

Josephine

Napoleon’s first wife

Could not provide an heir

Cheated on Napoleon while he was away

Marie Louise of Austria

Second wife of Napoleon, became Empress of France

Horatio Nelson

British Royal Navy commander famous for naval victories against France and Spanish fleets

Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wellesley)

Defeated Napoleon at at Waterloo in 1815 along with his Prussian Allies

What event effectively ended the Napoleonic wars?

Battle at Waterloo where Napoleon was defeated

General Blucher

General of Prussian army, his arrival at Waterloo helped seal Napoleon’s defeat

Tsar Alexander I

Best known for defeating Napoleon, leading anti-French coalition, played major role in reforming Europe at the Congress of Vienna

King Fredrick William III

King of Prussia from 1797-1840

best known for ruling the nation through the turbulence of the Napoleonic Wars

endured a devastating military defeat

 oversaw foundational state and military reforms.

Prince Klemens von Metternich

Most influential of the 5 powers

Distrusted Napoleon’s ideas

Viscount Castlereagh

leading Irish-born British statesman known for his key roles in British and European history during the Napoleonic Era

Republic

Supreme power rests rests with the citizens and who they have elected as their leader

Supported by the radicals

Sans-Cullotes

• Parisian Working class

• Shopkeepers, tradesman, artisans

• Tended to be poorer and lower class

• Got shame because of their long pants

Emigres

People that fled France in order to undo revolution and restore old regime

Plebiscite

a vote of the people that was held to approve a new constitution

Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon sold the French territory to the United States for 15 million US dollars

Reign of terror

A period of time led by Robespierre where people were killed and arrested constantly

Was ended by the execution of Robespierre

Where was the estates general hosted?

It was hosted at the Palace of Versallies, a very grand home

Jacobins

Started as a debating society

Mostly middle class (lawyers)

Created a vast network of clubs

Led by Robespierre

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (DOROMAC)

All men can vote

Approved by national assembly

Bread Rights

popular uprisings caused by extreme food shortages, soaring inflation, and desperation over basic survival

Tulieries

• Stormed by armed Parisans

• Located in Paris

• Royal family imprisoned in the “temple”

• Housed royal family from August 1792 till death

Bourgeoise

French middle/lower class

Created the national assembly

Made up of third estate

Tennis Court Oath

The third estate delegates got locked out of their meeting room, they broke the door to an indoor tennis court and vowed to stay until they came up with a new constitution.

Republican Calendar

12 months

3 weeks of 10 days per month

5 or 6 days added at the end of the year to follow solar year

Lasted for 12 years

Battle at Waterloo

Napoleon’s final battle

The French (Napoleon) against Britain and Prussia who were allied together against him.

July 18, 1815

Napoleon sent to St. Helena after this loss

Rosetta Stone

 stone that was found that helped decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics

The temple

The temple that Louis XVI went to before he was guillotined and prayed.

Great Fear

A wave of panic as a response to the rumor that the nobles were hiring outlaws to terrorize the peasants because there were guards surrounding Paris

Bastille

A prison in Paris

Stormed by Parisians because they believed they were under attack on July 14th

Known as the first sign of the French Revolution

Searching for gunpowder for their weapons

Edict of Nante

Granted tolerance of French Protestantism

Ended by Louis XIV

Festival of Supreme Being

Established by Robbespierre

Meant to replace christianity

Challenged cult of reason

Worship done through acts of civic duty

Temple of Reason

Created “Cult of Reason”

Notre Dame became this

Cult of Reason

A new religion formed to replace christianity

Based on reason, virtue, and liberty

Causes of the French Revolution

High taxes on poor, third estate always overpowered, French economy in debt

Who made up the first estate

Clergy and Catholic Church

Second estate

Made of Nobles

Third Estate

Made up of Working class and bourgeoisie

Committee of Public Safety

Formed by national convention

Oversee foreign and domestic defence

National convention members elected to 1 month terms for the committee

Many were arrested and killed

Estates General

A representation from all 3 estates met for the first time in 175 years

Held at Palace of  Versailles

King Louis XVI still in power and called the estates to meet

National Assembly

Established by the third estate (mostly bourgeoisie)

Passed laws and reforms in the name of the people

After the Estates General

3rd estate break-off because of inequality

Legislative Assembly

Followed the National Assembly

Constitutional monarchy

Develops laws

Suspends office of “King”

The radicals wanted

Big change

Conservatives wanted

No change

Moderates wanted

Some change

Directory

Follows legislative assembly

Delegates elected through “universal manhood suffrage” (all males could vote)

Abolished monarchy

Governs France for 3 years under the new constitution

Consulate

Three man consulate formed b y Napoleon

New constitution gave all power to Napoleon

Congress of Vienna purpose

The purpose of this was to diminish France from the size and power Napoleon had gained the country and to put old monarchs back onto their thrones.

5 main people involved in Congress of Vienna

5 main people involved were Prince Klemens von Metternich (Austria), Czar Alexander l (Russia), Duke of Wellington (Britain), King Frederick WIlliam lll (Prussia), and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand (France

Long-term affect of Congress of Vienna

 the leaders of the Congress didn’t think of future revolts after forcing smaller states to join the bigger countries

The borders of Europe were altered in these ways

Napoleon took power of most of Europe. The Congress of Vienna reduced France back to its original size. Russia acquired almost all of Poland. Germany replaced its 39 smaller states into the German Confederation dominated by Austria

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

was the hero of the revolution after ending the royalist revolt. led the French army against Austria and the kingdom of Sardinia. led France to victory through a lot of battles. He then overthrew the directory and established a consul. Created Constitution that gave all power to him

Napoleon was accepted because of this

He was accepted because he gave France many victories

Napoleon’s accomplishments

created the Banque De France, Concordat of 1801, Lycee System, and Napoleonic code

Mistakes Napoleon made

continental system, the peninsula war, and the invasion of Russia.

Why do you never invade Russia

You shouln’t invade because it’s way too big

Napoleon’s overall impact

gained France a lot of power over Europe and redrew national borders. He also restored the French economy.

Conflicts between Catholic church and France

France took away its power and tried to replace it with Cult of Reason and Festival of Supreme Being

How Napoleon’s influences reached well beyond France’s borders

His influences reached well beyond French borders because the Napoleonic code spread nationalism, dismantled feudalism, and reformed legal systems.

The effects the Reign of Terror had on the people of France

The Reign of Terror devastated the French people through state-sanctioned mass violence, widespread paranoia, and economic distress.