Naval science quiz :(

ADM Rickover

who is the “father of the Navy”

USS Nautilus underway on nuclear power

what happened 17 January 1955?

500,000 miles in 1980

what distance did the uss nautilus run until?

circumnavigated globe submerged in 83 days

what’s did the USS Triton do?

200 MeV

1 atom of U-235 releases how much during fission

unlimited cruising range, reduced reliance on outside air sources

advantages of nuclear power

higher initial and maintenance cost, more personnel required

disadvantages of nuclear power

atoms with same atomic number, but different mass number

what are isotopes

the protons of an atom

atomic number is

the protons and neutrons of an atom

atomic mass is

short range, attractive force between nucleons

what is nuclear force

long range, repulsive force between neutrons

what is coulomb force

electric repulsion

what kind of force strains the atom

residual strong nuclear force

what kind of force hold atom together

positively charged particle, absorbed by skin layer

what is alpha decay

negative/positive charged particle, absorbed by clothing

what is beta decay

electromagnetic wave of high frequency, no charge

what is gamma decay

eat gamma, hold alpha, pocket beta, and throw away neutron

order of yummy cookies

time required for half of any given number of radioactive atoms to disintegrate

what is half-life

mass equivalent of binding energy

what is mass defect

slow ones

what kind of neutron is preferred

medium that reduces speed of fast neutrons, turning them into thermal neutrons

what is the moderator

water

what does the navy use as a moderator?

high scattering, low absorption, and atomic mass close to neutron

good moderator

scattering, absorption, fission, capture

kinds of neutron interactions

elastic collision with nucleus, thermalized

what is scattering

neutron absorbed by nucleus

what is absorption

if absorbed, causes fission

what is fission interaction

if absorbed, causes no fission

what is capture

splitting of an atom

what is fission

stable, able to absorb large neutron

why is U-235 good fuel for reaction

minimum density of material to sustain reaction

what is critical mass

not dense enough to sustain reaction

what is sub-critical mass

dense enough to cause increasing reaction

what is super-critical mass

K = 1

what is the Keff of critical mass

K < 1

what is the Keff of sub-critical mass

K > 1

what is the Keff of super-critical mass

1. introduce material with high cross section (control rold)

2. change moderator ability to slow neutrons

how to control neutron population

hafnium, cadmium, boron

what are kinds of control rods

if heat removed is less than removed, coolant heats up

what is inherent safety

cadmium control rods

Piles first method of control

large cadmium strip suspended

piles second method of control

three buckets of cadmium sulfate

piles third method of control

insert control rod into pile

first step of emergency shutdown plan

unlatch wench, lower rod

second step of emergency shutdown plan

yell “scram” and cut rope

third step of emergency shutdown plan

Safety Cut Rope Axe Man

what does SCRAM mean?

pressure boundary, fuel storage, directs flow

what is the purpose of the RX vessel?

provide surge volume, DEGAS, pressure control

purpose of a pressurizer

moves primary coolant through RX and steam generator

purpose of coolant pump

transfers heat to primary cooler, feedwater, then makes steam

purpose of steam generator

reduces radiation intensity

purpose of shielding

propulsion for medium sized combatants

purpose of diesel engine

contains cylinders that piston moves and moves head

cylinder block

admit, confine, and releases fuel/air

cylinder head

houses crankshaft

crankcase

reservoir for collecting tube oil

oil sump

reciprocating, reciprocation and rotary, and rotary

three kinds of moving components

combustion gasses; lightweight, but durable

piston

transfers heat and seals cyclinder

piston rings

pivot point, connects piston to connecting rod

piston pin

connects piston and crankshaft

connecting rod

combines work by each piston

crankshaft

absorbs/releases KE of piston stokes

flywheel

open to admit air to cyclinder

valves intake

open to allow gases to be rejected

valves exhaust

single traverse of cylinder by piston

what is a stroke

one power per crankshaft revoltution

what is a 2-stroke engine

compression and power

components of 2-stroke engine

one power per two crankshaft revolutions

what is a 4-stroke engine

intake, compression, power, exhaust

components of 4-stroke engine

open, shut

position of valve/exhaust in 4-stroke intake

both shut

position of valve/exhaust in 4-stroke compression

both are shut

position of valve/exhaust in 4-stroke power

shut, open

position of valve/exhaust in 4-stroke exhaust

TDC—>BDC

movement of TDC/BDC in 4-stroke intake

BDC—>TDC

movement of TDC/BDC in 4-stroke compression

TDC—>BDC

movement of TDC/BDC in 4-stroke power

BDC—>TDC

movement of TDC/BDC in 4-stroke exhaust

air is drawn in

what happens in a 4-stroke intake

temp and pressure increase

what happens in a 4-stroke compression

fuel injected into cylinder

what happens in a 4-stroke power

combustion expelled

what happens in a 4-stroke exhaust

pressurized air enters, gasses expelled

what happens in a 2-stroke scavenging

temp and pressure increase

what happens in a 2-stroke compression

fuel injected into cylinder

what happens in a 2-stroke power

exhaust open, inlet exposed

position of intake/exhaust in 2-stroke scavenging

both shut

position of intake/exhaust in 2-stroke compression

both shut

position of intake/exhaust in 2-stroke power

high power to weight, less complicated

advantages of 2-stroke

more efficient burning, better power:weight as size increases

advantages of 4-stroke

open cycle, heated engine

internal combustion

spark ignition, compresses air/fuel mix

gas (otto) engine

compressed ignition

diesel engine

air, fuel, ignition, cooling, lubrication

supporting systems

supplies/removes air and gasses

air system

mixes air and fuel into proper proportion

fuel system

compression, spark plugs

ignition system

fresh/salt water to cool

cooling system

provide lube and cooling

lubrication system