pho

Aperture

Controls depth of field or the range of focus from the foreground and background. (Place finger in front of you and allow eyes to adjust what they focus on.)

Larger: more shallow depth of field

Smaller: greater depth of field

This is measured in f-stops. Ranging from largest f-stop f/1.4 to smallest f/16 or f/22.

Shutter speed

Durations of how long the camera click or shutter lasts. Vertical blades within the camera control how much light goes into it.

Slower speeds let more light and blur in. The full range is B (bulb) to 1/1000.

ISO (international organization for standardization)

ISO is the cameras light meter, different isos allow different amounts of light into the camera. Lower ISO is used in brighter area while higher in darker.

It’s range is generally iso 25 to iso 6400.

However, higher ISO increases noise and decreases the image quality. This is beacuse of higher electronic signals within camera.

Spot metering

Isolates a spot on a scene, that is used to determine final exposure.

Matrix metering

Reads many areas of a science and uses those to determine the right combo of f/stop and shutter speed for the best exposure.

White balance

Help prevent colors from becoming on off color hue. It’s so grays stay grays whites white.

There are also white balance settings:

Awb

Tungsten

Cloudy

Daylight

Equivalent exposures

When the f-stop and shutter speed are equal

Write out aperture scale

F1, f1.4, f2, f2.4, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22, f32, f45, f64.

Write out shutter speed scale

T, B, 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000.

How to edit adjustment levels and edit the black to white hues on the image.

This can be used on any layer, not exclusive to BW layer. Go to adjustments (next to properties)>levels(next to brightness)>adjust the slider.

How to use blemish healing.

Duplicate background (retouch)> select spot healing brush (it has ants circle and band aid)> hold the alt button then click what texture you want to use then use brush to use that texture somewhere else.

Edit the color balance

First the image should be 8/16 bit>go to adjustments> find color balance>edit with sliders. Probably good idea to make a new layer then do this.