VIVA ASSESSMENT

SCAPULA - PRESNTATION

The location of the scapula is within the pectoral girdle and sits posterior aspect of the thoracic cage sitting over ribs 2-7

The structure of the scapula is that its a flat triangular bone with boarders, fassae, and other landmarks

the function of the scapula is that it is an attachment site for muscles that move the shoulder and arm, it forms the socket for the glenohumeral joint and connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton

HUMERUS - INTRODUCTION

The location of the humerus is in the upper arm, it articulates with the scapula and is proximal to the radius and ulna.

The structure of the humerus is that it is a long bone with a head, shaft and distal condyle.

The function of the humerus is it is an attachment site for muscles that drive actions such as adduction abduction extension and flexion, as well as forms the gh joint and the hinge and pivot joints for the elbow. Also guides neurovascular pathways within the upper limb

BONES OF THE FOREARM - INTRODUCTION

The location of the both the ulna and radius sit distal to the humerus and proximal to the carpal bones, the ulnar is the medial bone and the radius is the lateral bone

The structure of both bones is that they are two parallel long bones

The function of the bones is that they are an attachment site for muscles and they attach to the humerus to create the elbow joint and the carpal bones to create the wrist joints which all help with movements of the forearm wrist and elbow

BONES OF THE WRIST AND HAND - INTRODUCTION

The location of the wrist and hand bones are distal to the radius and ulna

The structure of these bones are that there is 8 carpal bones which are short bones, 5 metacarpals and phalanges which are long bones

The function of these bones is that they form a stable and flexible base for wrist movement, grip and fine manipulation of the hand.

SOFT TISSUE OF SHOULDER JOINTS INTRODUCTION

The location of the shoulder joint tissues are at the proximal end of the upper limb, and lateral and anterior to the scapular body

The structure of the shoulder joints are that they are all synovial joints and the ligaments are made up of dense connective tissue

The function of these tissues is that they give the shoulder range of movement and offer stability

JOINTS AND SOFT TISSUE OF THE ELBOW INTRODUCTION

The location of the joints and tissue of the elbow are proximal to the humerus and distal to the ulna and radius

The structure is that there are three joints that are all synovial and the ligaments are made from dense connective tissue

The function of these joints and ligaments provide stability while the joints provide movements such as extension and flexion of the elbow

JOINTS OF THE WRIST AND HAND INTRODUCTION

The location of the joints of the wrist and hand are that they lie between the distal forearm bones, and proximal carpals

The structure of the joints are that they are all synovial joints

The function of the joints are that they allow wrist flexion, extension, abduction and adduction as well as finger flexion and extension and thumb opposition which aid gripping and fine manipulation.

MUSCLES AND NEUROVASCULAR ELEMENTS OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND SHOULDER INTRODUCTION

The location of these elements are that they are in the superior aspect of the trunk and extend laterally from the neck and axilla down into the shoulder

The structure of these elements are that they are skeletal muscles with the blood vessels being hollow tubes that transport bloods and the nerves that contain axons

The function of the muscles are to aid movement and stability to the sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, and acromioclavicular joints the nerves help supply motor neurons to these muscles and the blood vessels help supply blood tho the upper limb.

MUSCLES AND NEUROVASCULAR ELEMENTS OF THE ARM INTRODUCTION

The location of these elements is that they sit in the superior aspect of the upper limb from the shoulder to the elbow

The structure of these elements are that the muscles are skeletal muscles and the arteries and vessels are hollow tube and nerves are solid structure that carry axons

The function of these elements are to aid flexion and extension of the elbow and the neurovascular elements elements supplying axon signals and blood

MUSCLES AND NEUROVASCULAR ELEMENTS OF THE ANTERIOR FORARM INTRODUCTION

The location of these elements are that they lie on the anterior aspect of the forarm between the elbow and the wrist

The structure of these elements are that the musles are flexor and pronator muscles and the arteries are hollow tubes and nerves are solid structures that carry axons

The function of these elements are that the muscles help flex the wrist and fingers as well as pronation of the forearm and with the neurovascular elements supplying axon signals and blood

MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR FORARM INTRODUCTION

The location of these muscles are on the posterior aspect of the forearm and run from the elbow and wrist

The structure of most of these muscles are extensor muslces

The function of these muscles are that they aid extension of the wrist and fingers as well as supination of the forearm and abduction of the thumb

INTRINSIC MUSCLES AND NEUROVASCULAR ELEMENTS OF THE WRIST AND HAND

The location of these elements are that they lie w distal to the wrist

The structure of these elements are that they are intrinsic muscles and have arteries and veins running through the area

The function of these elements are that they produce fine movements of the thumb and fingers such as opposition abduction adduction and grip, neurovascular elements supplying axon signals and blood

BONY LANDMARKS OF THE INNOMINATE INTRODUCTION

The location of the innominate is that it sits lateral to the sacrum and lower lumbar vertebrae

The structure of the innominate is a large flat irregular bone

The function of the innominate is that it transmits weight from the axial skeleton to the lower limbs aiding balance, it also forms the socket for the hip joint and acts as an attachment site for muscles and ligaments

FEMUR INTRIDUCTION

The femur is located distal to the innominate and proximal to the tibia

The structure of the femur is that it is the longest bone in the body and helps forms the hip and knee joint

The function of the femur is that it bares body weight, transmits forces from the upper body down the lower limb and enables stable movement for activities like walking and running

BONES OF THE LEG INTRODUCTION

The location of the tibia and fibula both sit distal to the femur and proximal to the talus, with the fibula sitting laterally to the femur

The structure of these bones are that they are two long bones that run parallel

The function of these bones are that the tibia acts as a weight baring bone and forms the knee and ankle joints, whereas the fibula provides muscle attachment and stabilises the ankle

BONES OF THE FOOT INTRODUCTION

The location of the bones of the foot is that they lie distal to the tibia and fibula

The structure of these bones are that there are 7 tarsal bones, that are classified as short bones, and there are metatarsal and phalanges that are clasiffied as long bones

The function of these bones is that they support body weight, form the arches of the foot, absorb shock, and act as a lever for propulsion during walking

SOFT TISSUE ELEMENTS OF THE HIP AND PELVIS INTRODUCTION

The location of these structures is that they lie around the pelvic ring and around the hip joint

The structure of these elements are that the ligaments are made from dense connective and fibrous connective tissue and labrum which is made from fibocartialige

The function of these elements are that they stabalise the pelvis during weight transfer, and stabalise the hip joint and limit excessive movement while also still allowing large range of motion

SOFT TISSUE ELEMENTS OF THE KNEE INTRODUCTION

The location of these elements are that they lie distal to the thigh and proximal leg where the patella, fibula and tibia meet

The structure of these elements are that they contain ligaments made from dense connective tissue, menisci made up from tough fibrocartilage, and tendons and bursa’s

The function of these elements are that they allow flexion and extension of the knee, and the ligaments and menisci provide stability and load absorption during weight bearing

JOINTS AND LIGAMENTS OF THE ANKLE AND FOOT INTRODUCTION

The location of these joints lie at the distal end of the leg ankle and foot

The structure of these elements are that they contain hinge joints and ligaments which are made from strong connective tissue

The function of these elements are that they allow the movements of dorsflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion as well as stabalise the ankle and foot

LUMBAR AND SACRAL PLEXUS INTRODUCTION

The location of the lumbar plexus is in the lumbar region anterior to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and within the posas major muscle, and the location of the sacral plexus is posterior to the pelvic wall and anterior o the piriformis muscle

The structure of the lumbar and sacral plexus are that they form a web of interconnected spinal nerves

The function of the Lumbar and Sacral plexus is to supply motor and sensory innervation to the lower back, pelvis, hips, and the lower limbs

MUSLES AND NEUROVASCULAR ELEMENTS OF THE GLUTEAL REGION INTRODUCTION

The location of these elements lie in the buttock posterior to the pelvic girdle and proximal to the femur

The structure of the muscles are that they are skeletal muscles divided into a superfical and deep layer, and the neurovascular elements consist of nerves, vessels and arteries

The function of these muscles are that they assist with abduction and adduction of the hip and the neurovascular elements supply blood transportation to the region and supplies motor and sensory innervations

MUSCLES AND NEUROVASCULAR ELEMENTS OF THE THIGH INTRODUCTION

The location of these elements are within the lower limb between the hip and the knee

The structure of the muscles are that they are skeletal muscles, and the arteries are hollow tubes and the nerves are solid structures that carry axons

The function of the muscles are to aid flexion and extension of the hip and knee, and adduction of the thigh and the neurovascular elements supply blood transportation to the region and supplies motor and sensory innervation

ANTERIOR AND LATERAL COMPARTMENTS OF THE LEG INTRODUCTION

The location of these compartments lie on the anterior and lateral sides of the leg distal to the knee and proximal to the ankle

The structure of these compartments are that they are fluid containing spaces enclosed by deep fascia and bone, the muscles are voluntary skeletal muscles and the arteries are hollow tubes and the nerves are solid structure that carry axons

The function of these compartments are to aid platerflexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle and extension of the toes and eversion of the foot

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENTS OF THE LEG INTRODUCTION

The location of these compartments are that they sit on the posterior side of the leg proximal to the ankle and distal to the knee

The structure of the muscles are that they are voluntary skeletal muscles and the arteries are hollow tubes and the nerves are solid structures that carry axons

The function of these compartments is to aid plantarflexion of the ankle as well as flexion of the toes and inversion of the foot