36. Bovine Infectious Infertility II

What causes foot hill abortions in California, Nevada, Oregon, and southern Idaho?

Epizootic Bovine Abortion

What is the vector for Epizootic Bovine Abortion? What are TWO examples?

- Argasid tick vector

▪ Ornithodoros coriaceus

▪ Pajaroello tick

What is the gram (-) bacteria that causes Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA)?

Pajaroellobacter abortibovis

What does Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA) cause if exposed 60 days prior to breeding?

early embryonic death

When does abortion occur with EBA?

◦ Last trimester

What does EBA cause in the fetus? (4)

- Weak neonates

- Fetal lymphadenopathy

- Granular liver

- Petechiation of tongue

How do you diagnose EBA? (5)

◦ History

◦ Lack of clinical signs in dam

◦ fetal lesions

◦ PCR (TaqMan)

◦ IHC

What is the fetal lesions and PCR analyzed/ran on?

fetal fluids

What is the treatment for EBA?

none

When can cattle be exposed to EBA of pre-breeding/late in gestation?

o > 60 d prior to breeding

o > 7 months in gestation

What season is there less exposure to EBA?

fall calving

If you are utilizing strategic movement of cattle where should you move the Naïve animals?

away from endemic regions

What type of cattle should you run through the pasture first to help control EBA?

stocker cattle

What type of pasture is best for controlling EBA?

Irrigated pasture or wet meadows

T/F There is a vaccine for EBA that is a live bacteria that is store in liquid nitrogen

True

When should you give the vaccine to help control EBA?

> 60 days prior to breeding

What is the causative agent of Bang's disease?

Brucella abortus

How would you describe Brucellosis abortus?

G(-) coccobacillus (non-motile)

Where would you expect Brucellosis to be found?

- US

- Canada

- Europe

- Australia

- New Zeland

How do you diagnose Brucelosis?

test, quarantine, slaughter

T/F All 50 states in the US are currently free of Brucellosis in domestic species

True

What species was the main harborer of brucelosis?

elk

When does brucellosis cause abortions?

- 3rd trimester

How would you describe the placenta of Brucellosis infection?

moroccan leather

How many times do they abort on brucellosis?

once

What are the clinical signs of a brucellosis infection?

- weak neonates

- reduced milk production

What is the hallmark clinical sign of a brucellosis infection?

Recrudescence of infection with bacteremia

T/F Infected females can shed high numbers of organisms following each parturition

true

Brucellosis is zoonotic, what clinical signs can it cause in humans?

ndulating fever, myalgia, night sweats, epididymitis, orchitis

How is Brucellosis transmitted?

- Vertical: milk

- Ingestion of infected products

T/F venereal transmission of brucellosis NOT common, and AI with contaminated semen is more common

True

What does brucellosis cause in the cow?

metritis

What does brucellosis cause in the bull?

orchitis, epididymitis, vesiculitis (erythritol

How do you diagnose brucellosis? What specimen do you need to use to do so?

culture

▪ blood, fetal tissues, vaginal discharge

What test is unique to brucellosis?

Milk ring test

What is the problem with agglutination test with brucellosis?

they are highly sensitive but NOT specific

What is the the strain of the vaccine for Brucellosis?

Strain 19 RB51

RB51 is a live vaccine strain for brucellosis. What age cattle is it used for and what are some benefits of this vaccine?

- heifer calves (4-12 months)

- safer for vets

- does NOT interfere with dx test

T/F The RB51 vaccine is detected in raw milk

true

What ear do you put the tag in to notify that the cattle have been vaccinated with the RB51 vaccine?

right ear

What are the TWO serotypes of lepto that are host adapted?

◦ harjo-bovis (Worldwide)

◦ harjo-prajitno (United Kingdom)

How is lepto transmitted?

◦ urine, placental fluids, milk

◦ transplacental, venereal

T/F Lepto is more likely to cause infertility rather than abortions

True

Where does lepto persist?

kidneys and genital tract

What is the non host adapted strain of lepto?

Leptospira iterrogans

What is the most common animal infected by Leptospira iterrogans pomona?

swine

How is Leptospira iterrogans transmitted?

urine contaminated water, abraded

skin

how does Leptospira iterrogans disease present?

◦ acute, systemic, severe

◦ late term abortions, storms

◦ weak neonates

How do you diagnose Leptospirosis in the fetus or dam?

◦ Serology (fetus/dam)

◦ IFT of fetal kidneys or fluids

◦ Maternal urine

What is the difference between the host adapted and non host adapted vaccine for lepto?

Non-host Adapted is multivalent and the traditional vaccine.

Host Adapted is monovalent and causes cell mediated immunity

What drug helps to eliminate renal shedding?

Antibiotics

Do antibotics work better in cows or bulls and why?

works better in cows because the lepto persists in the vesicular glands of the bull and is harder to get rid of

How do you prevent/control lepto with regards to limiting exposure?

◦ limit exposure to wildlife, rodents

◦ stagnant water

What virus causes ocular, respiratory, reproductive and has neuro latency?

IBR, Bovine Herpes Virus 1

What does IBR, Bovine Herpes Virus 1 cause reproductively? (4)

▪ infectious pustular vulvovaginitis IPV

▪ infectious pustular balanoposthitis IPB

▪ necrotizing oophoritis (inflammation and lysis of cl)

▪ abortion

What form of BHV causes Respiratory IBR leading to Conjunctivitis

Abortion, and Immune suppression?

BHV- 1.1

What form of BHV causes Respiratory and Genital infections causing Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and Infectious balanoposthitis Abortion?

BHV 1.2

What form of BHV causes neurologic problems leading to Encephalomyelitis Abortion?

BHV-5

BHV-1 is an enveloped ___ virus and an ___ herpesvirus

DNA, alpha

T/F Abortions can occur during a respiratory outbreak or up 100 days after BHV infection

True

What are the clinical signs of IBR? ( there is alot)

◦ papules or pustules

◦ vulva, vestibule, vagina

◦ penis, prepuce

◦ pain with urination and coitus -

infertility

◦ +/- fever

How is IBR transmitted? (2)

◦ nose to genital contact

◦ venereal

T/F IBR is a self limiting disease that is usually done with in 1-2 weeks

True

What is the treatment for IBR?

◦ sexual rest, vaccinate

What vaccine for IBR is best for cell mediated immunity ?

MLV

T/F You can use MLV in neonatal calves

False, cannot

What can the MLV lead to?

Can cause latent "vaccine infections

What type of vaccine for IBR is safe for pregnant cows?

killed

T/F Controlling IBR is all about prevention

True

What form of the MLV vaccine has the fastest measn of protection (48 hours) and has mucosal immunity?

Intranasal vaccination

What are THREE other benefits to the IBR intranasal vaccine?

- Good cell mediated immunity

- No interference with maternal antibodies

- Circulates between animals after vaccination