Comprehensive Cognitive Neuroanatomy and Cytoarchitectonic Mapping

Vocabulary flashcards covering neuroanatomical directional terms, subcortical and cortical structures, cytoarchitectonic organization, and specific Brodmann areas.

Anterior / Rostral

Directional term meaning toward the front of the brain.

Posterior / Caudal

Directional term meaning toward the back of the brain.

Superior / Dorsal

Directional term meaning toward the top or upper side of the brain.

Inferior / Ventral

Directional term meaning toward the bottom or belly side of the brain.

Lateral

Directional term meaning toward the sides, away from the midline of the brain.

Medial

Directional term meaning toward the middle or midline of the brain.

Brainstem

Brain structure responsible for basic life support functions, including regulating heart rate and breathing.

Thalamus

A paired subcortical structure (there are 2) that serves as a sensory relay.

Hippocampus

A paired brain structure (has 2) responsible for memory.

Amygdala

A paired brain structure (has 2) involved in emotion and memory.

Corpus Callosum

Structure that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Basal Ganglia

A paired structure (has 2) involved in action selection.

Cerebellum

A paired brain structure (has 2) responsible for motor control.

Cytoarchitecture

Brain organization based on regions having similar cell types.

Brodmann Areas

A system dividing the brain into approximately 52 distinct areas based on cytoarchitecture (cell organization).

Brodmann Area 4 (BA #4 / M1)

The primary motor area of the cerebral cortex.

Brodmann Areas 1-3 (BA #1-3)

The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex.

Brodmann Areas 41 & 42 (BA #41 & 42)

The primary auditory cortex.

Brodmann Area 17 (BA #17)

The primary visual area of the cerebral cortex.

Prefrontal Cortex (BA #9-12, 46, 47)

Cortical region encompassing Brodmann areas 9, 10, 11, 12, 46, and 47.

2-Hand Model

A visible anatomy model useful for basic brain-body associations, though limited when multiple structures are located on a single finger.