Geography CH5

international migration

The movement of people from one country to another to live.

emigrant

A person who leaves their country to live in another country.

emigrant

A person who leaves their country to live in another country.

internal migration

The movement of people from one place to another within the same country.

out

migration

in

migration

net migration

The difference between the number of people entering and leaving an area.

source area

The place from which migrants originally come.

push factors

Conditions that encourage people to leave a place, such as poverty, war or unemployment.

pull factors

Conditions that attract people to a place, such as jobs, safety or better services.

barriers to movement

Obstacles that make migration difficult, such as costs, distance or immigration laws.

distance

decay

remittances

Money that migrants send back to family or friends in their home country.

migration stream

A flow of people moving from one particular place to another.

voluntary migration

The movement of people who choose to leave their home.

forced migration

The movement of people who have to leave their homes because of danger, conflict or other serious circumstances.

economic migrants

People who move to another place mainly to find work or improve their financial situation.

refugees

People who flee their country because of persecution, conflict or serious danger and meet the legal definition of a refugee.

asylum seekers

People who have applied for protection in another country and are waiting for a decision.

illegal immigrants

People who enter or stay in a country without the required legal permission, also called undocumented migrants in many contexts.

rural

urban migration

step migration

Migration that happens in stages, with people moving through several places before reaching their final destination.

urban

urban migration

intra

urban migration

urban

rural migration

counter

urbanisation

closing

up

opening

up cost

shanty town

An overcrowded, often informal settlement with poorly built housing and limited basic services.

relay migration

Migration in which one family member moves first and others follow later, often in stages.

standard of living

The level of wealth, comfort and access to goods and services that people have.

quality of life

A person's overall well

informal economy

Economic activities that are not officially registered or fully regulated by the government.

formal economy

Economic activities that are officially registered, regulated and usually taxed by the government.

edge city

A large business and shopping area that develops outside a traditional city centre.

higher order goods

Expensive or specialised goods that people buy less frequently and may travel further to purchase.

commuting range

The distance people are generally willing or able to travel between home and work or school.

ghettos

Urban areas where a particular social, ethnic or religious group is concentrated, often because of segregation or economic disadvantage.

conurbations

Large urban areas formed when neighbouring towns and cities grow and merge together.

gentrification

The process in which wealthier people move into a poorer neighbourhood, often increasing property prices and pushing up living costs for existing residents.

dispersed settlement

A settlement pattern in which homes and buildings are spread far apart rather than clustered together.

naturbanisation

The movement of people from urban areas to rural areas, often seeking a more natural environment while remaining connected to city life.

rural

urban fringe

Schengen Agreement

An agreement that allows people to travel between participating European countries without routine border checks at their internal borders.

displaced people

People who have been forced to leave their homes because of conflict, violence, disasters or other serious events.

internally displaced persons

People forced to leave their homes who remain within their own country's borders.

ethnic cleansing

The forced removal of an ethnic or religious group from a particular area through intimidation, violence or other coercive actions.

population pressure

The strain on land, housing, jobs and services caused when a population becomes too large for available resources.

visa

An official authorisation that allows a person to enter, stay in or travel through a country under specific conditions.

repatriating

Returning a person to their own country, usually their country of citizenship or origin.

pro

natalist policies

work permits

Official documents that allow a person to work legally in a country.

welfare benefits

Financial support or services provided by the government to help people meet their basic needs.

purchasing power

The amount of goods and services that a person can buy with their money.