Musculoskeletal System and Movement Analysis

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering joints, bones, muscle agonists, contractions, motor units, and movement planes based on the lecture transcript.

Agonist

The muscle primarily responsible for producing a movement.

Antagonist

The muscle that opposes or controls the agonist.

Fixator

A muscle that stabilises a joint or the origin of the agonist.

Concentric contraction

A contraction where the muscle shortens while producing force.

Eccentric contraction

A contraction where the muscle lengthens while producing force.

Isometric contraction

A contraction where the muscle produces force without changing length.

Isotonic contraction

A contraction where the muscle changes length while producing force.

Motor unit

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it controls.

Neuromuscular junction

The junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fibre.

Synaptic cleft

The small gap between the neuron and muscle fibre.

Motor neuron

Carries an electrical impulse from the CNS to muscle fibres.

Action potential

An electrical impulse travelling along a neuron.

Acetylcholine

The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction that carries the signal across the synaptic cleft.

All-or-none law

States that if threshold is reached, all fibres in a motor unit contract; otherwise none do.

Slow oxidative fibres

Muscle fibres characterised by slow contraction, aerobic energy production, high fatigue resistance, and being recruited first at low intensity.

Fast oxidative glycolytic fibres

Muscle fibres suited to high-intensity, sustained activity with fast contraction, moderate fatigue resistance, using aerobic and anaerobic energy.

Fast glycolytic fibres

Muscle fibres recruited for very high-intensity exercise that produce the greatest power with fast, powerful contractions, mainly anaerobic energy, and fatigue quickly.

Sagittal plane

The plane associated with flexion and extension movements.

Frontal plane

The plane associated with abduction and adduction movements.

Transverse plane

The plane associated with rotation and horizontal flexion/extension.

Quadriceps group

The agonist muscle group for knee extension, consisting of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis.

Hamstring group

The agonist muscle group for knee flexion, consisting of biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus.

Shoulder circumduction

A circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Movement analysis

The process of identifying joint, movement, agonist, antagonist, and contraction type.

Shoulder joint

A ball-and-socket joint formed by the humerus, clavicle, and scapula.

Elbow joint

A hinge joint formed by the humerus, radius, and ulna.

Hip joint

A ball-and-socket joint formed by the femur and pelvis.

Knee joint

A hinge joint formed by the femur and tibia.

Ankle joint

A hinge joint formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus.

Wrist joint

A condyloid joint formed by the carpals, radius, and ulna.

Pectoralis major

The muscle that produces shoulder horizontal flexion.

Gluteus maximus

The agonist muscle that produces hip extension and hip lateral rotation.

Tibialis anterior

The agonist muscle producing ankle dorsiflexion.

Posterior deltoid

The muscle that produces extension and horizontal extension at the shoulder.

Triceps brachii

The agonist muscle that produces elbow extension.

Biceps brachii

The agonist muscle that produces elbow flexion.

Middle deltoid

The agonist muscle that produces shoulder abduction.

Anterior deltoid

The agonist muscle that produces shoulder flexion.

Latissimus dorsi

The muscle that produces shoulder extension and shoulder adduction.

Iliopsoas

The agonist muscle that produces hip flexion.

Gluteus medius and minimus

The agonist muscles that produce hip medial rotation.

Teres major

The muscle that produces shoulder medial rotation.

Teres minor

The muscle that produces shoulder lateral rotation.

Adductor longus, brevis and magnus

The agonist muscles responsible for hip adduction.

Gastrocnemius and soleus

The agonist muscles producing ankle plantar flexion.