ETHICS

Feelings

Instinctive and trained response to moral dilemma

Totally emotional decision

Very, Fast, Reactive, Subconscious, Immediate danger, Final selection, and confliction with self-interest

Reason and Impartiality

Minimum requirements of morality

Coherent Reasoning

Establish truth and meaningfulness of moral judgements

Logical, Impartial, and objective reason

avoids ambiguities

Gather the Facts, information

Scott Rae’s 1st Step of Moral Reasoning

Determine the ethical Issues

Scott Rae’s 2nd Step of Moral Reasoning

Determine the virtue or principles

Scott Rae’s 3rd Step of Moral Reasoning

List the alternatives

Scott Rae’s 4th Step of Moral Reasoning

Compare the Alternatives with virtues

Scott Rae’s 5th Step of Moral Reasoning

Consider the Consequences

Scott Rae’s 6th Step of Moral Reasoning

Make a decision

Scott Rae’s 7th Step of Moral Reasoning

Will

Disposes what the intellect proposes

Reason

Proposes, purpose of understanding

S. Kierkegaard

“Purity of heart is to will one being”

Hornedo

Multidimensional matter

Ethical Framework

Set of codes that an individual uses to guide his/her behavior. Distinguish Right from wrong

Virtue Ethics

Asks who is the ethical person

Ethical Act

Action that is virtuous person would do in the same circumstance

Good Person

Person who lives virtuously

Aristotle

Virtue is an attained, actualized or self-realized potential or possibility

Happiness

Ultimate goal

Self-realization

Awareness of one’s nature and the development of one’s talents is the surest path to happiness.

Telos

An ultimate end, purpose, or goal

Moral Virtue

Ability to understand, reason and judge well. Comes from habitual practices

Intellectual Virtue

Harness reason, disposition to act well, knowing the good.

Mesotes

Golden Mean between 2 extremes - excess and deficiency.

Foolhardiness

Too much courage

Cowardice

Too little courage

Right to speech, action, and livelihood

three Moral virtues

Faith, Hope, Love

three theological virtues

Prudence, Justice, Temperance, Fortitude

four cardinal moral virtues

Jen

humaneness, human-heartedness and compassion

Li

propriety, manners or culture

Natural Law

Ordinance of divine wisdom which is made known to us by reason. part of the eternal law which reason reveals as directive of human acts

Eternal Law

All that God decrees from eternity

Positive Laws

Laws that can be changed or altered

Universal Principle of Right

An action is right if it can coexist with everyone’s freedom in accordance with universal law

Categorical Imperative

Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

Universalization

the process of making something applicable, available, or common to everyone worldwide

Humanity as an end

human beings must always be treated as an end in themselves, and never merely as a means to an end

Jeremy Bentham

Founder of utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill

British philosopher associated with utilitarianism

Utilitarianism

A form of consequentialism focusing on the consequences of an action.

Act Utilitarianism

Consider the consequences of a particular act, such as breaking one’s promise

Rule Utilitarianism

Considers the consequences of a practices or rule of behavior

Love and Justice Framework

consist of love, common good and social justice

Social Justice

Equal access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges within society and the promotion of the common good.

Common Good

interests that members of a community have in common or to facilities that serve these common interests.

Plato’s Justice

justice that is giving what is due by doing ones own function

Distributive Justice

justice thats concerned with the distribution or allotment

Egalitarianism

Doctrine of political and social equality. Equalization of entitlement

Socialism

collective ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange to operate for use rather than profit.

Taxation

The government' s getting part of what people earn to have money to spend on public services

Political Pluralism

exists when various unique groups share power to foster compromise and alliances that thwart political absolutism.

Social Pluralism

Exists when distinctions are made between individual values for life and collective values for social order.

Ethical Pluralism

Holds that contradictory moral opinions and stances can be deserving of respect, leading to the assertion