INSTITUTIONS

Institution

Formal and informal rules, norms, and practices that shape decision-making processes and outcomes in planning.

Intervention Dilemma

Balancing long-term planning and control with spontaneity and flexibility.

Regulation Dilemma

Ensuring regulations are effective without being overly restrictive.

Investment Dilemma

Balancing public and private investments to achieve planning goals.

Regulatory Interventions

Rules that govern others' behavior, requiring legitimacy and broad application.

Infrastructural Interventions

Public actions and investments that are often site-specific and linked to financial resources.

Legitimacy

Acceptance and recognition of regulations and institutions by the public.

Authority

The power to enforce regulations and make decisions.

Flexibility

The ability to adapt regulations to changing circumstances and needs.

Inclusivity

Ensuring that all stakeholders are involved in the planning process and that their voices are heard.

Path Dependency

The concept that institutions have historical roots and are not quickly adaptive.

Planning Paradox

The challenge of planning based on what is desirable while needing to realize the unknown future.

Boundaries

Define the area and groups to which regulations apply, can be hard or 'fuzzy'.

Regulations

Rules that govern behavior, requiring legitimacy and broad application, not always tied to financial resources.

Plans

Action sequences that are typically implementable, predictive, and location-bound.

Democracy in Regulations

The need for regulations to be created through democratic processes.

Justice in Regulatory Decisions

Reflecting on the political consequences and long-term justice effects of regulations.

Managing Conflicts

Addressing overlapping spatial, regulatory, and economic regulations through democratic processes.

Legitimate Regulations

Regulations recognized as useful and necessary by the public.

Social Norms

Informal rules that can influence planning policies and actions.