savannahs exam 1 psy.

operational criteria

specific, observable characteristics describing a particular syndrome or disorder

axis IV

degree of stress within the 12 months preceding diagnosis

APA

American Psychiatric Association

selection

reflects a belief that people who are at the lower end of the socioeconomic scale are by virtue in society, more likely to develop mental disorders

drift

individuals with mental disorders, by virtue of their emotional, cognitive, & behavioral difficulties more likely to slide into lower socioeconomic status

mental disorders

syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in someone's: cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior that reflects dysfunction in the: psychological, biological, or development process underlying mental functioning

etiology

the cause of the disorder; not always a linear line to pinpoint, there's difference in opinions regarding this

dementia

significant cognitive decline; associated with change in brain structure and chemistry; nobody knows why it happens

__ is characterized by dementia

alzheimers

interrater reliability

extent to which 2 different clinicians make the same diagnosis

reliable

clear description; making diagnosis more stable; improved training (when research capacities were enhanced thru development of new methodologies & clinical instruments became "reliable"); professionals became more consistent in clear view on specific patients

reliability coefficients

what the new classification system brought (at the time) which was clinicians having agreement on same patient [shown as a percent/number]

descriptive psychopathology

what the DSM III (APA, 1980) provided; described what clinicians SAW not what CAUSED what they observed

atheoretical

without reference to particular theories or point of view

multiaxial classification

axes that made it possible to name a syndrome but also ID disordered personality characteristics, accompanying medical conditions of significance to treatment & prognosis, levels of stress encountered, & recent level of function [it's a system of psychiatric disorders]

hierarchical

based on assumption that disorders higher on the hierarchy had symptoms found in those lower BUT NOT the opposite

spectrum disorders

replaced assumption of hierarchies; belief that related disorders fall along continuum from more to less severe

prevalence

proportion of the population identified as having a particular disorder at a particular time - of mental disorders in general & specific conditions [ 1 of the factors that vary with culture]

evidence based practice (EBP)

major emphasis in healthcare; it's a practice based on findings in research literature that validates particular interventions; goal with this is to provide care that is KNOWN to work

medicalization

some experiencing mental disorders are reduced to "it is a chemical imbalance" vs. the view of social & situational issues causing problems with function

comorbid

accompanying a diagnosis (ex: having anxiety & depression OR personality disorder & anxiety)

axis V

known as the level of function, appeared to be most reliable of the axes

DSM-I

1952

DSM-II

1968

DSM-III

1980

DSM-IIIR

1987

DSM-IV

1994

DSM-IV-TR

2000

release of DSM-5

2013

DSM stands for?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

who developed the DSM (s)

APA

ICD

International Classification of Diseases

% OVERALL - prevalence of serious mental illness among US adults 2019

5.2%