Chapter 5: Tissue & Bone Structure

Fundamentals of Anatomy

Examples of Cartilage

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

Amount of bones in the human body

206

Amount of bones in the axial

80

Amount of bones in the appendicular

126

Function of the skeletal system

structural support

blood cell production

storage of minerals & lipids

leverage

protect organs & delicate tissue

part of the bone that grows when we grow

epiphyseal plate

What is on both ends of the bone

epiphysis and metaphysis

Diaphysis

the Shaft

Compact bone

hard, dense part of bone.

spongy bone

trabecular bone.

fills the inner portion of bone.

Trabecular bone is resistant to what

compression

Periosteum

surround bone; covers diaphysis

Sharpey’s Fibers

Secure periosteum to underlying bone

Nutritional Arteries

supply bone cells with nutrition from the nutritional foramen

Endosteum

Connective tissue lining the bone on the inside.

Periosteum layers

1. cellular layer

2. fibrous layer

Medullary Cavity

contains yellow bone marrow

7 broad categories for bones is based on their

shape.

irregular bones

complex shapes

short bones

external portion are covered with compact bone.

Examples of short bones

tarsals and carpals

Examples of irregular bones

vertebrae, sacrum, pubis

long bones

long and slender.

contain:

2 epiphysis

2 metaphysis

1 diaphysis

Examples of long bones

humerus, femur

flat bone

thin. roughly parallel surfaces of compact bone,

Examples of flat bones

skull, sternum, ilium

sesamoid bones

Developed inside tendons

small, round, and flat.

Examples of Sesamoid Bones

patella, pisiform

Elevation/Projection

that grow out from the bone

Depression/Opening

indent the bone

joint projection: condyle

rounded knob that articulates with another bone.

Examples of condyles

femoral, occipital and mandibular.

Joint Projection: Ramus

arm like projection from the bone

Examples of Ramus

Iscial, mandibular, pubic

Projection: facet

smooth, usually oval-shaped surface that is either flat or slightly concave/convex. Covered with cartilage.

Projection: Head

Prominent, expanded end of the bone, sometimes round.

Spine

pointy outgrowth, thorn like process

Trochanter

very large projection, unique to eh femur

Tubercle

small rounded projection

tuberosity

large, rounded, roughened Projection

Fossa

Sulcus, groove, furrow

shallow depression, a long, narrow trench for a tendon.

Alveolus

a pit or socket

Fossa

small pit