Repro Management/ AI/ embryos/ semen

Define Estrus Synchronization

Controlling estrous cycles so females express estrus around the same time

What are the 2 methods for estrus synchronization

1. Natural (weaning) - if lactating, it inhibits the estrous cycle and starts the cycle over

2. Hormonal: give prostaglandin or progesterone depending on what you want to achieve

What do you give females to restart their estrous cycle?

Prostaglandin (lutalyse, estrantae(synthetic), prostamate)

What do you give females to stop estrus?

Progesterone: makes them think they are pregnant, then take it away to start their cycle over. (CIDRS, MGA)

What is a CIDR (controlled internal drug release)?

Intra-vaginal insert containing progesterone

Reasons why we use AI

1. Maximize Genetic Improvement

2. Control reproductive diseases

3. Use of dead or injured sires

3 AI keys to success

1. Detection of Estrus (standing heat)

2. Proper timing of insemination

3. Technician skill - correct placement of semen

How much semen per straw (1/2 cc) is in AI semen and sexed semen (1/4 cc)

Al Semen - 2-30 million per straw

Sexed Semen - 2-4 million per straw

What are some primary signs that a female is in estrus

Vocalization

behavioral changes

standing heat

swollen, red vulva

Best time to check for estrus

Before dark and before morning. best done early or late in the day

What 4 things to look for when giving physical examinations (females and males)

• Body Condition

• Structural Soundness

• Reprosystem evaluated

• External Genitalia

What 3 things to look at when preforming BSE (Bulls)

1. Physical Examination (BCS)

2. Measure scrotal circumference

3. Evaluate at least one semen sample

3 ways to collect semen

1. Electro-ejaculation

2. Jump Steers

3. Artificial Vagina (AV)

What 2 things are semen sensitive to

1. Temperature changes

2. Light (UV)

What are the 2 things to look for when evaluating semen

1. Motility- Are the sperm moving

2. Morphology - Are there abnormalities

What is an ectopic Pregnancy

Pregnancy outside of the uterus, not in the correct place

MRP - Fetuses produce _________ ___________ , which inhibits prostaglandin production

Trophobastic proteins (OTP -1)

Embryo Grading = _______ + __________

• Stage Code (4-6 best)

• Quality (1-3)

3 Steps to Embryo Transfer

1. Palpate uterus

2. Find CL

3. Put embryo into uterine horn with CL

When you A.I. where do you deposit the semen

Past the Cervix

In IVF where does fertilization happen?

Outside the animal

Name some Difference between IVF and Embryo Transfer

• IVF: 30-40% conception rate, more expensive, fertilized outside the animal

• ET: 50% conception rate, cheaper, fertilized inside the animal

Sex is determined by what?

X and Y Chromosomes in sperm cells

TAI (timed ai) advantages

• no heat detection

• saves time

• but lower conception rates

What are these red things on placenta

Placentome

Label A

Cotyledon

Label B

Caruncle

Label C

Placentome

Label D

Uterine wall

Which type of cell growth #1 and some examples

Hyperplasia -ex: mammary tissue, skin cells

What type of cell growth is #2

Hypertrophy - ex: muscle, fat cells

What day is the calcification of bone matrix gestation

Day 70

What day is extensive bone formation is gestation

Day 180

What are examples of variable costs in livestock

Feed, health, marketing, supplies, etc

What are examples of fixed costs

Labor, Land, animal replacement, etc

Name some ways to preg check

• Watch for standing heat

• Rectal Palpation

• Ultrasounds

• Blood/Milk Progesterone Assays

• BioPryn

• Alertys on Farm preganacy test

• Bump test

___% Of fetus growth happens in the last couple months

50%

Name some reasons for culling cows

Age + Bad Health

Pregnancy Status

Economics

Producing poor calves

udder problems

temperament

How long did big birtha live

49 YEARS

What is a fetotmy

Where a dead fetus is cut into smaller pieces inside the mother's uterus to allow for safe removal