41. Bovine Breeding Soundness Exam (Exam 4)

What are the THREE options for outcomes of the BSE?

- sterile

-fertile

-subfertile

When should you preform a BSE?

30-60 Days Prior to Breeding Season

T/F BSE Is Not Good for Life

True

BSE can be seen as a cheap insurance policy. What is the cost/exam?

$50

What is the most economically important factor for success in a cow-calf enterprise?

high reproductive efficiency

What is the estimated sub-fertile bulls in a unselected population

due to physical unsoundness or poor semen quality?

1 out of 5

What are the parts of the BSE?

- physical exam

- scrotal circumferance

- motility

- morphology

T/F All parts of the BSE are equally important and cumulative

True

What is scrotal circumferance correlated to?

to daily sperm output

What should you be doing on the external physical exam?

Exam at a distance

What do you need to be sure that you assess on physical exam of the bull?

❖ claws

❖ interdigital space

❖ joints

How does the bull need to appear to be physically sound? (4)

❖ move with ease

❖ detect female in estrus

❖ mount & complete breeding

❖ free of heritable defects

How many BCS does a bull lose when they are going out with cows into the pasture?

2

Which one of these shows correct confirmation?

first one

Can you fail a bull with claws like this? WHat is happening here?

No, Screw Claw

All of the foot disorders TECHNICALLY are not a failure offense unless what occurs?

they can not fail the BSE unless they are lame

What are TWO diseases of the mouth that you need to assess for on the physical exam?

- Wooden Tongue

- Lumpy Jaw

This is on the face of the bull. What is your top DDX?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

How should the scrotum be shapped?

tapered up towards the body wall

If there is greater that what % difference in the symmetry of the scrotum indicates that something is wrong?

>10% difference

If the bull has dermatitis on the scrotum, what is the organism causing it majority of the time?

fungal

What will the shape of the scrotum be due to swelling if there is a hernia?

hour glass

When palpating the scrotum and testes, what should you be palpating when feeling the epididymis? (3)

head, body, tail

What is the easiest part of the epididymis to palpate?

the tail

What should the consistency of the testicle be upon palpation?

semi-flexed forearm (HELLO????)

What is highly correlated to scrotal circumferance?

semen production

What should the scrotal circumference be in a bull that is < 15 months old?

30 cm

What should the scrotal circumference be in a bull that is 15-18 months ?

31 cm

What should the scrotal circumference be in a bull that is 18-21 months?

32cm

What should the scrotal circumference be in a bull that is 21-24 months?

33 cm

What should the scrotal circumference be in a bull that is > 24 months?

34 cms

Scrotal Circumference is ____ and if they are larger the what happens in the offspring?

heritable, earlier onset of puberty in daughters (meaning they come into production earlier)

T/F Scrotal Circumference is measured in inches

False, CM

What are TWO things you need to note about the sheath on BSE?

❖ freely moveable

❖ free of swelling(s)

If you can not see the penis on BSE, what happens?

the bull does not pass the BSE

What are some things that you can find on physical exam that can cause harm to the penis and prepuce?

- hair rings

- warts

- persistent frenilum

- IBR

- trauma

What is seen in this image?

persistent frenulum

What are the sex glands that the bull has?

- bulbourethral gland

- prostate

- vesicular gland

- ampulla

What do vesicular glands feel like on palpation when they are normal?

cluster of grape

What do prostate feel like on palpation when they are normal?

wedding rings on a giant's finger (now wtf)

What do ampullae feel like on palpation when they are normal?

paired tubular structures cranial to prostate

What structure should you palpate during the rectal exam? What should the measurement of it be?

internal inguinal rings, < 3 fingers

What disease is common in young bulls that are housed together that eat high grain and have WBC in the ejaculate?

vesiculitis

What is the most common isolate pathogen from Vesiulitis?

trueperella pyogenes

Electroejaculation is manual stimulation of what muscle?

urethralis

T/F You can diagnose spiral deviation of the penis on eletroejaculation

False, you cant to this bc it naturally happens

What is the minimum amount of progressivly motile sperm?

30%

What are the THREE reasons that spheroids are formed?

- immaturity

- regeneration

- degeneration

we stopped on slide prep, there is 9 more slides but i trust armstrong

:)