Early childhood Ch. 8-10 Biosoical

early childhood is ages

2-6yo

appetite at this stage

decreases

children grow inches and are about _ft tall

3, 3.5 inches

they weigh about

40-50lbs

obesity has connections to

low ses

Brain growth by age 2

most neurons are connected to other neurons and the brain weights 75% of adult weight

myelination

white matter if brain (gray is neurons)
fatty coating on axons that helps the quality and speed of signals between neurons

lateralization

sidedness of the brain; which side does what

How to nurture bonding

skin to skin bonding, basic life responses, sucking, feeding, heart/basic organ functioning, serve and return/basic human interaction, responding to their needs

how bonding is broken

not feeding/neglect, trauma/abuse

Prefrontal cortex growth causes

still continuing to grow but sleep is more regular, emotional development, less tantrums, emotional responsiveness, uncontrolled emotions are less common, amygdala is still not well connected

Neurons can either

activate or inhibate

impulsiveness

lack of inhibition, common in young children, touching all the time, balance of activation and inhibition is not well developed yet

Perseveration

To stay stuck in a thought or action
-young children are not very flexible; improves from 2-6
-may play with one toy for hours using the same fantasy, repeating phrases or questions over and over

gross motor skills 2-6

Increase significantly from 2-6 years• 2-year-olds run around, bump into each other clumsily
• 5-year-olds can perform coordinated sports, dance, tumbling
• Gross Motor Skills: kick ball, ride tricycle or bicycle, climb ladders, swing, throw and catch ball
• Playing outside is most likely place for children to develop gross motor skills

important FMS at 6- 6 1/2

tying shoes

FMS

Eating Skills
• Learning to use utensils (spoons, then forks, and later knives)
• In Asia, 4-year-olds can use chopsticks effortlessly
• Manipulating puzzle pieces
• What can a 2-year-old do versus a 6-year-old?
• Drawing, Writing, Buttoning, Sewing, Knitting

Injury to children

motor vehicle accidents
drowning in pool, impulsive, curious
-lead poisoning

Adults tend to

overestimate what their children understand

child abuse

deliberate action that harms a child’s physical, emotional, or sexual well-being

child neglect

failure to meet a child's basic physical, educational, or emotional needs