Anatomy Flashcards: Bones and Landmarks

Vocabulary flashcards covering bony landmarks, upper and lower limb skeletal features, and associated joints from the lecture.

Phalanges

Bones located in the fingers and toes that typically consist of three segments (proximal, medial, distal), except in the big toe and thumb which contain only two (proximal and distal).

Supraspinous Fossa

A bony depression located on the posterior aspect of the scapula that provides surface area for rotator cuff muscle attachment.

Subscapular Fossa

A broad depression located on the anterior aspect of the scapula.

Coracoid Process

A bony projection on the scapula that serves as an articulation and attachment point for smaller accessory muscles such as coracobrachialis.

Glenohumeral Joint

The formal anatomical joint formed by the articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus.

Head of the Humerus

The smooth proximal portion of the humerus that points medially to form the glenohumeral joint.

Anatomical Neck

The region located just distal to the head of the humerus that is severed during shoulder joint replacement surgery.

Intertubercular Groove

A groove situated between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.

Olecranon Fossa

A depression on the humerus into which the olecranon process inserts during elbow extension.

Capitulum

A rounded structure on the distal humerus that articulates with the head of the radius.

Annular Ligament

A ring-shaped ligament that holds the head of the radius in place, allowing it to rotate during pronation and supination.

Radial Tuberosity

A landmark on the radius that limits the maximum rotation of the forearm.

Pubic Symphysis

The joint connecting the two pelvic bones anteriorly, measuring approximately $0.5\,\text{cm}$ in width at rest and stretching during pregnancy and childbirth.

Femur

The single long bone of the thigh extending distally from the pelvic socket.

Patella

The largest and most universally present sesamoid bone in the body, which develops over time in response to friction.

Ligament of the Nutrient Artery of the Femur

A ligament in the hip joint containing the nutrient artery of the femur.