AP chem unit 3

Intramolecular Forces

Bonds

Intermolecular Forces

attraction between molecules

Ion dipole

attraction between ion and dipole, polar, attraction up radius down charge up

LDF

in everything, only force for non polar, temporary dipole, electrons up contact up strength up, can be stronger than DD when bigger

Dipole Dipole

attraction between positive and negative sides of molecules,

H bond

DD, H attached to N,O,F, strong

Ionic solids

no conduction solid, conduction liquid, high melting point, brittle

Molecular

no conduction, low melting/boiling point

Vapor pressure

amount of gas above liquid surface, Weak IMF evaporation up VP up

solid particles

less motion, definite shape/volume, bonds, IMF

Liquids

indefinite shape, definite volume, movement=strength IMF, VP

Gas

Pressure=collissions, up colissions up pressure, up particles up presssure

Boyles law

pressure and volume are inversly porportional under constand temp and moles

Charles Law

volume and temp porportional

Kelvin

C + 273.15

Gas over water

total pressure = (gas) + VP of water

Ideal gas law

constant random motion

volume doesnt matter

no IMF

elastic, all energy is conserved

kinetic energy proportional temp

Speed

size up speed down

Devitaion from Ideal gas law

High pressure = volume up = IMF = stick = pressure seems lower

Low temp = slow = IMF

Solution

homogenous mixture, cannot be filtered

suspension

heterogenous mixture, different sizes, can filter

Saturated solution

maximum solute dissolved, some remains at bottom

Liquid Liquid solution

miscible, form with similar IMF

miscible

mix evenly to form uniform solution, soluble in all porportions, never saturated

Solid liquid solutions

ion disolves in polar,(ion dipole) polar polar dissolves (dd), nonpolar nonpolar (dispersion)

When does ionic not dissolve in water

Intra greater than Inter, big charge small radius

Chromatography

polarity, mobile phase = solvent, stationary phase = paper, farther up = more similar

Distillation

boiling points, distilate = boils first, weak IMF

Spectropy

analysis based on absorbance of radiation, structure, concentration

Microwave

rotate

UV V

transitions

Infared

vibration

wavelength

distance between peaks (m/nm)

frequency

number of times wave repeates (Hz)

E

how much a sample absorbs light

Concentration

Concentration up Absorbance up