KIN3KO3 Sports Injuries

Assessment process

1. history

2. observation

3. palpation & rom tests

4. muscle group strength test

5. special tests

why take history

gather info about injury, find athlete context and initial treatment plan, possible suspects

observation

skin integrity, posture, position of comfort, muscle atrophy (bilateral),d

edema

soft tissue swelling

inflammatory or infection

fluid interference (pregnancy, medication)

indentation - pitting edema

echymosis - bruising appearance of an edema, shows interruption of blood vessels

hematoma

type of swelling

blood in tissues

clustered in a lump

joint effusion

swelling contained in synovial joint

types of swelling

joint effusion, hematoma, edema

palpation and joint rom testing

evaluate bilaterally

passive rom -> available movement? where pain?

active rom → how much the athlete can produce

helps see pain and symptoms & arc of pain

muscle strength testing

manual testing (MMT)

bilateral, uninvolved first

4→ can apply resistance but not equal to uninvolved side, 5 is equal or uninjured

3→ can resist gravity

2→ cannot resist gravity, some range of motion, 1 no ROM

progressive build and release of isometric contractions

mid range for best strength -> not 100% at risk of further injury

1-5 rough grading of strength scale

special tests

use suspects

tests to reproduce symptoms and MOI

can pick up other problems

specific

mechanism of injury of lateral ankle sprain

awkward landing

unevenground

forced inversion, often in plantarflex position

happens in a sudden moment

anatomical structures of lateral ankle sprain

lateral ankle ligaments, ATFL in PF, potential fibularis injury

1st lat degree ankle sprain

mostly localized, less restriction in ROM, centralized swelling, pain when changing direction general lat body weight shifts

2nd-3rd degree lat ankle sprain

swelling in toes, echymosis (bloodflow interrupted), blood pooling near calcaneus, if longterm can cause chronic ankle instability

grading sprains

first deg: <70 ligs torn

second deg: 70-80% ligaments torn

third deg: 90-100%, pop/snapping sensation

elastic → plastic → fail zone

mobility increases, stability decreases

more severe=more structures involved (i.e. syngerist injury, capsule sprain, etc)

rtp factors

return to play

mobility aids, timeline, pain, ROM, strength, context

syndesmosis sprain MOI

weight bearing position, dorsiflexion and directional change, often in cleat sports, external rotation in relation to tibia

syndesmosis sprain anatomical structure/ characteristics

tib fib joint injury

talus dome injury

medial deltoid ligament

AITFL

longerhealtime as easier to stress