Biology Unit 2 - Edlund

Anaerobic/Aerobic Respiration, Photosynthesis, Carbon Cycle.

Produced oxygen through photosynthesis, contributed to the formation of the ozone layer, and influenced the evolution of aerobic organisms.

Impact of Cyanobacteria on Earth.

Created by the deposition of iron oxides, marked a significant increase in atmospheric oxygen levels, and helped evolve aerobic life.

Impact of Banded Iron Formations on Earth.

Significantly raised atmospheric oxygen levels, leading to major changes in Earth's environment and the evolution of diverse life forms.

Impact of Great Oxidation Event on Earth.

Increased oxygen levels in the atmosphere, reduced carbon dioxide concentrations, and influenced climate and weather patterns by cooling the Earth and adding the Ozone layer.

Impact on the Atmosphere from Photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis enhanced plant growth, which allowed the evolution of Aerobic Respiration.

Impact on the Biosphere from Photosynthesis.

ATP is like a charged battery. When the cell processes happen and it drains the energy from the ATP so it becomes ADP. Then the ADP can be charged again so it becomes ATP again.

Why is ATP and High Energy Molecules like a battery?

Stomata are micro-sized openings on the bottoms of leaves that allow for gas exchange(CO2 and H20) and help maintain Homeostasis.

What are Stomata?

Guard Cells are special cells that control weather Stomata are opened or closed.

What are Guard Cells on plants

6 CO² + 6 H²O —> 1 C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6 O²

What is the equation of Photosynthesis?

Use of oxygen to use glucose to make ATP

Purpose of aerobic respiration.

All animals, plants, and fungi. By some bacteria.

What organisms perform Aerobic Respiration?

1. Glycolysis

2. Krebs Cycle

3. Electron Transport Chain(ETC)

3 steps of Aerobic Respiration.

Processes glucose and sends it to the Mitochondria.

Glycolysis summery.

Cytoplasm.

Location of Glycolysis.

Glucose, ATP and Low-energy-molecules.

Inputs of Glycolysis.

Processed Glucose, ATP and High-energy-molecules.

Outputs of Glycolysis.

Uses Processed Glucose to make High-energy-molecules, some ATP and CO²

Krebs Cycle Summery.

Mitochondria.

Krebs Cycle Location.

Processed Glucose, Low-energy-molecules.

Krebs Cycle Inputs.

Some ATP, High-energy-molecules, CO².

Krebs Cycle Outputs.

Takes High-energy-molecules to make large amount of ATP.

Electron Transport Chain Summery.

Mitochondria.

Location of Electron Transport Chain.

High-energy-molecules, O².

Inputs of Electron Transport Chain.

ATP, H²O.

Outputs of Electron Transport Chain.

No O².

Anaerobic Means.

Anaerobic Respiration, Aerobic Respiration, Photosynthesis.

Examples of Metabolism.

1. Adenosine

2. Ribose

3. 3 Phosphates

3 parts of ATP.

All of the chemical reactions in a living thing that helps it get and use energy.

Metabolism definition.

1. Glucose enters the cell

2. Glycolysis occurs

3. CO² and Alcohol released as waste

3 steps of Anaerobic Respiration.

In the bonds.

Where is the energy stored in ATP?

A way to make ATP without O².

Anaerobic Respiration definition.

Adenosine Triphosphate.

What does ATP stand for.

Green pigment in Chloroplast that absorbs light.

Chlorophyll definition.

Membranes that hold the chlorophyll.

Thylakoid definition.

1. Light Dependent Reactions

2. Light Independent Reactions

2 steps of Photosynthesis.

Light.

Photo means.

To make.

Synthesis means.

To make food with sunlight in the form of glucose.

Purpose of Photosynthesis.

Thylakoid.

Location of the Light Dependent Reactions.

Stroma.

Location of the Light Independent Reactions.

Fluid-like substance that fills the inside of the Chloroplast.

Stroma Definition.

To make glucose.

Purpose of ATP in Photosynthesis.

Water.

Which molecule is split during the light-dependent reactions?

Light.

What is the source of energy for the light-dependent reactions?

It is split up to release oxygen.

What role does water play in the light-dependent reactions?

To capture and convert light energy into high-energy molecules for the light-independent reactions

What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions?

It is used for growth and energy.

What is the role of glucose in plants?

Starch.

What is glucose stored as in plants?

Millions.

How many glucose molecules can a single leaf create per second under normal conditions?

Organelles that make energy (ATP) by breaking down food through aerobic respiration.

Mitochondria summery.

C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6 O² —> 6 CO² + 6 H²0 + ATP

Aerobic Respiration equasion.

Electron Transport Chain.

During which step of aerobic respiration is the majority of ATP made?

Glycolysis.

Which step is shared between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

True.

True or false, plants perform aerobic respiration to make ATP

Photosynthesis

Atmosphere —> Plants

Respiration

Animals/Humans —> Atmosphere

Decomposition

Dead Plants/Animals —> Soil

Feeding

Plants —> Animals

Sedimentation

Dead Animals/Plants Parts —> Rocks

Fossilization

Dead Animals/Plants Parts —> Fossils

Extract and Use

Fossils Fuels —> Cars(etc.)

Combustion

Cars(etc.) —> Atmosphere

A large membrane-bound part of a cell that stores genetic information (DNA) and controls the cell’s functions.

Definition of Nucleus.

A Non-membrane bound organelle that reads genetic information sent from the nucleus and builds proteins needed for the cell to function.

Definition of Ribosome.

Organelle of a cell that uses sunlight to make food (glucose) for the plant through photosynthesis.

Definition of Chloroplasts.

Storage space in the cell that holds water, nutrients, or waste.

Definition of Vacuole.

Part of the cell that produces energy (ATP) for the cell to use

Definition of Mitochondria.

Thin layer that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves it.

Definition of Cell Membrane.

Stiff outer layer that gives shape, support, and protection to the cell.

Definition of Cell Wall.

Jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds the organelles in place.

Definition of Cytoplasm.

Plants, Animals, and Fungi.

What types of organisms have eukaryotic cells?

Bacteria.

What types of organisms have prokaryotic cells?

They have a nucleus.

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Nucleus.

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

Cytoplasm.

Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.

What structures do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur.

What molecules do scientists look for when looking for life on other planets?

Fast energy.

Definition of Carbohydrates.

Stored energy.

Definition of Lipids.

Genetic information.

Definition of Nucleic Acid.

Structure and function.

Definition of Proteins.

Life started near underwater geysers. These vents spewed mineral-rich hot water.

Summery of Deep Sea Vent theory.

The molecules for life came from outer space and arrived on Earth by comets(etc.)

Summery of the Panspermia theory.

Life evolved from inorganic molecules in shallow pools, got energy from lightning or ultraviolet light.

Summery of Primordial Soup theory.

An organism that is able to live and thrive in conditions that are normally considered hostile or uninhabitable to most life.

Definition of extremophiles.