ACCOMODATION INDUSTRY

It means guests cannot test a room for a night to check if it is okay or have a taste test before dining to know if the food is delicious.

Services are Primarily Intangible

If a guestroom is not rented on a specific date, the revenue for that room is lost forever.

Services are primarily perishable

It means a room cannot be sold anywhere, just like tangible goods. It can only be sold and used simultaneously in its exact location, not elsewhere.

Manufacture and Sales are Inseparable

Most of the processes in the accommodation industry are routine.

The operating process is repetitive

THE ACCOMMODATION INDUSTRY (There are 4)

Services are Primarily Intangible
Services are Primarily Perishable
Manufacture and Sales are Inseparable
The Operating Process is Repetitive

is an establishment offering sleeping accommodations to anyone willing to pay a reasonable sum for the services and facilities provided.

Hotel

a hotel is defined as a building, edifice, or premises, or a completely independent part thereof, which is used for the regular reception, accommodation, or lodging of travelers and tourists and the provision of services incidental thereto for a fee.

Hotel According to the Department of Tourism

In the Philippines, DOT implements for Hotels, Resorts, and Apartment Hotels using the Star Grading System to classify accommodation enterprises.

National Accommodation Standards for Hotels

It is a points-based rating system that includes five (5) levels of accommodation standards—from one (1) to five (5) stars—applicable to hotels, resorts, and apartment hotels.

Star Grading System

CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOTELS (There are 4)

Hotel
Hotel According to the Department of Tourism
National Accommodation Standards for Hotels
Star Grading System

These enterprises appeal to budget-minded travelers.

One Star

These enterprises appeal to tourists seeking more than basic accommodation.

Two Star

These enterprises offer a very good level of accommodation.

Three Star

These enterprises are upscale in all areas. Accommodation is refined and stylish.

Four Star

These enterprises reflect the characteristics of luxury and sophistication.

Five Star

To obtain this stars, progressively higher service and facility quality, facility condition, and improved business practices like environmental management should be provided across all business areas to garner higher points.

Higher Stars

STAR BANDS FOR HOTELS, RESORTS, AND APARTMENT HOTELS (There are 6)

One Star
Two Star
Three Star
Four Star
Five Star
Higher Star

These hotels are usually located in the heart of the city, within a short distance from shopping centers, cinemas, public or private buildings, and business centers.

City Hotels

These hotels are in downtown areas where rates are considered moderate to low, usually ideal for budget travelers.

Suburban Hotels

These are hotels set up near airports that cater to transit guests who might have to stay at the hotel between flights.

Airport Hotels

These are usually located in mountains, islands, or other exotic locations away from cities.

Resort Hotels

These are located within the forest range and cater to tourists visiting forest areas for camping and other recreational activities.

Forest Hotels

These are primarily located on highways that provide enough parking space for stopovers. These usually cater to motorists.

Motor Hotels/Motels

These are purpose-built boats offering small but luxurious accommodations for travelers amid waterways.

Boatels

ACCORDING TO LOCATION (There are 7)

City Hotels
Suburban Hotels
Airport Hotels
Resort Hotels
Forest Hotels
Motor Hotels/Motels
Boatels

These mainly cater to businesspersons. They are situated in the heart of the city.

Commercial Hotels

These have a large complex accommodating many people attending a convention, conference, workshop, or similar events.

Convention Hotels

These are designed for travelers who intend to stay in a hotel for five (5) days or longer.

Extended Stay Hotels

Hotels with predominantly gambling facilities may be categorized as a distinct group.

Casino Hotels

ACCORDING TO TARGET MARKET (There are 4)

Commercial Hotels
Convention Hotels
Extended Stay Hotels
Casino Hotels

A hotel can be classified according to its size. It can be a small, medium-sized, or large hotel.

According to size or numbers of the rooms

These are also called luxury hotels. They target top business executives, entertainment celebrities, high-ranking political figures, and wealthy clientele as their primary markets

Word-Class Service

Hotels offering mid-range service appeal to the largest segment of the traveling public. Services are modest but sufficient and are considered enough for travelers.

Mid-Range Service

These hotels provide clean, comfortable, safe, and inexpensive rooms that meet guests’ basic needs.

Budget/Limited Service

ACCORDING TO THE LEVEL OF SERVICE (There are 3)

World-Class Service
Mid-Range Service
Budget/Limited Service

These are hotels where a guest can register for a day or even less.

Transient Hotels

These hotels offer accommodation to guests who can stay for a minimum period of one (1) month and up to two (2) years.

Residential Hotels

These are hotels that incorporate the feature of both transient and residential hotels.

Semi-Residential Hotels

ACCORDING TO GUESTS’ LENGTH OF STAY (There are 3)

Transient Hotels
Residential Hotels
Semi-Residential Hotels

is the main product of a hotel and is the largest revenue source in the hotel business.

Accommodation

refer to rooms and other related products or services that hotel guests will consume during their stay.

Accommodation Products

HOTEL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES (There are 3)

Hotel
Accommodation
Accommodation Products

Hotel rooms vary in terms of the amenities, the view from them, and any extra features or services that add to a guest's overall hospitality experience.

Types of Rooms

It is a room that can accommodate only one (1) person with a single, double, or queen-size bed.

Single Room

It is a room that can accommodate two (2) people with two (2) twin beds.

Twin Room

It is a room that can accommodate two (2) to four (4) persons with two (2) double or queen-size beds

Double Room

It is a room that can accommodate three (3) persons with three (3) single beds or one (1) double bed and one (1) twin bed.

Triple Room

It is a room fitted with a sofa bed or murphy bed, which can be transformed from a bedroom at nighttime to a living room in the daytime.

Studio/Murphy Room

It is a room with at least one (1) double bed, one (1) or more single beds, and is designed to accommodate a small family.

Family Room

It is a room designated for disabled guests. The most common features in this room type include safety bars, emergency buttons, and fire alarm lights.

Accessible Room

It is a room on the executive floor that enables convenient access to the executive lounge.

Executive Room

It is a room with one (1) or more bedrooms, a living space, and a kitchen area.

Suite Room

It is the smallest in the suite room category.

Junior Suite

It is larger and has more upgraded amenities compared to the junior suite.

Executive Suite

It is the largest and most expensive room offered in a hotel where usually only one (1) president suite is available in a hotel property.

Presidential Suite

It is a stand-alone house that gives extra privacy and space to guests and is usually seen in resort hotels.

Villa

It refers to rooms close by or across the corridor but not side by side.

Adjacent Room

It refers to rooms that are side by side but do not have a connecting door between them.

Adjoining Room

It refers to two (2) rooms that are side by side and have a connecting door between them.

Connecting Room

Rooms can also be designated as smoking or non-smoking.

Smoking or non-smoking rooms

A guest who books accommodation gets more than just a room with a bed. It includes the facilities and services provided by the hotel staff.

Room Rates

This refers to the standard rate charged for a room only in a hotel.

Rack Rate

This is a room rate offered to executive personnel who are regular guests or employees of a corporation with a contract rate with a hotel.

Corporate Rate

This is a room rate offered to the executive personnel of an enterprise with an infrequent visit to a hotel.

Commercial Rate

This is an agreed-upon rate between an individual airline and a hotel as determined by the volume of business a hotel obtains from such an airline.

Airline Rate

This is a room rate given to bookings for a large group of people and is usually booked by travel agents or processed by a hotel's marketing and sales department.

Group Rate

This rate is charged to children at a certain age.

Children’s Rate

This room rate includes goods and services hotels designed to attract guests during low sales periods.

Package Rate

This is a rate wherein a guest is assessed with no charge for staying in a hotel.

Complimentary Rate

ROOM RATES

Rack Rate
Corporate Rate
Commercial Rate
Airline Rate
Group Rate
Children’s Rate
Package Rate
Complimentary Rate

Various factors play into a guest's expectations for their experience in a hotel, including the reason for traveling, age, personality background, and other factors.

Type of Hotel Guests

These types of hotel guests are also known as multi-generational travelers because these groups have people of varying ages, such as grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, and children.

Family Travelers

These hotel guests travel alone but may desire to engage with a community of people who travel with the same purpose

Health and Wellness Seekers

These guests are off or nearing retirement age and often have a higher travel budget. They typically want an authentic experience with local people and attractions.

Boomers

These guests are likelier to take "micro-cation" (shorter vacation) to fit their work-focused lifestyle.

Millennial Travelers

These travelers are either in a gap year before they begin college or work, on break from college, or recently graduated

Gen Z

These guests travel to conduct business, attend meetings/workshops, and extend their work trips to engage in leisure activities, outdoor recreation, relaxation, visiting friends and relatives, or attending sports or cultural events at the same time.

Bleisure (Business and Leisure) Travelers

These guests have privileges and receive personalized services.

Very Important Persons (VIPs)

TYPES OF HOTEL GUESTS

Family Travelers
Health and Wellness Seekers
Boomers
Millennial Travelers
Gen Z
Bleisures (Business and Leisure) Travelers
Very Important Persons (VIPs)

Running a hotel requires a diverse variety of skills and resources.

Hotel Ownership

While the hotel benefits from recognition of the brand name by consumers, an established business model, and national marketing, the owner depends on that brand name for its business.

Franchised

This hotel ownership gives an owner the most freedom but with the biggest risk.

Privately Owned and Operated

These hotels are privately owned, but the physical hotel building belongs to another. This type of lease arrangement is generally long-term.

Leased

It is where an existing privately owned hotel partners with a recognized brand name or a smaller, more experienced hotel.

Managed

A hotel owner is primarily concerned with the continued success of their hotel or guest accommodation.

Hotel Owner

The role of the general manager is essential to oversee all the activities within a hotel and ensure things run smoothly.

General Manager

Management approaches are predefined activities and procedures designed to help managers in different business areas achieve predetermined goals.

Approaches to Hotel Management

It is a set of management tools and techniques designed to improve the capability of the business process by reducing the likelihood of error.

Six Sigma

It is a continuous process of measuring the company's systems, processes, and products and comparing them with successful competitors or establishments in the same field.

Benchmarking

It represents a radical change in the business process system to achieve a significant increase in productivity and quality and in shortening the length of the production process or provision of services.

Re-Engineering Business Process

Its essence is using external suppliers or subcontracts to improve production, increase revenues, reduce operating costs, reduce risks, and meet service needs.

Outsourcing

This management approach aims to harmonize all factors involved in producing goods or providing services – suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, dealers, and customers.

Supplier Relationship Management

It is a system whose purpose is to improve the management of an enterprise based on objective evidence and evaluation of all economic events in the enterprise.

Controlling as a Management Tool

These approaches are not mutually exclusive. It means that one (1) approach builds on another, and quality programs often combine all these approaches.

Management Approaches

Hotels are complex business operations involving multiple departments collaborating to serve a large volume of guests successfully.

Hotel Departments

It maintains a hotel's appearance, sanitation, and cleanliness.

Housekeeping department

This is also known as the guest service department, which is the first point of contact for the guests when booking with the hotel.

Front Office Department

This department looks after serving food and drinks to guests in hotel restaurants, cafes, and bars.

Food and Beverage Department

It is responsible for repairing and maintaining the plant and machinery, water distribution, sewage treatment, and other common areas in a hotel.

Engineering and Maintenance Department

This is also known as the finance or credits department that oversees a hotel's incoming and outgoing expenses.

Accounts Department