Vocab: Iran

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Last updated 12:37 PM on 3/11/25
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31 Terms

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Theocracy
A government ruled by religious leaders.
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Supreme Leader
The highest authority in Iran, holding ultimate political and religious power.
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Guardian Council
A body that oversees elections and laws in Iran, ensuring they align with Islamic principles.
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Expediency Council
A council that resolves disputes between Iran’s Majles and Guardian Council.
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Majles
Iran’s parliament, responsible for making laws.
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Assembly of Religious Experts
A body that selects and can remove the Supreme Leader.
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Basij
A volunteer militia in Iran, part of the Revolutionary Guard.
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Shia Islam
A major branch of Islam, dominant in Iran, that believes leadership should stay within the Prophet Muhammad’s family.
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Zoroastrian
An ancient Persian religion based on the teachings of Zoroaster.
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Baha’i
A religious faith that originated in Persia, emphasizing unity and peace.
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Farsi
The Persian language spoken in Iran.
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Kurds
An ethnic group in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.
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Azeri
A Turkic ethnic group in Iran and Azerbaijan.
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White Revolution (1953)
A series of reforms by the Shah of Iran to modernize the country.
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Islamic Revolution of Iran (1979)
The overthrow of the Shah and establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.
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Velyat-e Faqih (Jurist’s Guardianship)
The principle that a senior Islamic cleric should rule in the absence of the Imam.
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Marja
A high-ranking Shia religious leader with authority over legal and religious matters.
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Bonyads
Charitable foundations in Iran, often linked to the government.
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Islamic Revolutionary Guard
A military force that protects Iran’s Islamic system and has significant political and economic power.
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Dual Rule
The power-sharing system between religious and elected institutions in Iran.
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Ayatollah Khamenei
The current Supreme Leader of Iran since 1989.
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OPEC
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which regulates oil production and prices.
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Revolutionary Guard (Iran)
Another name for the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
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Rentier State
A country that relies on revenue from natural resources, like oil, rather than taxes.
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Multimember District
An electoral district that elects multiple representatives.
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Shah
The Persian word for 'king,' used for Iran’s monarch before 1979.
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Unitary
A government system where power is centralized in one national authority.
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Separation of Power
The division of government responsibilities into separate branches to prevent abuse of power.
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Checks and Balances
A system where different branches of government monitor and limit each other’s power.
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Brain Drain
The emigration of highly educated and skilled individuals to other countries.
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Welfare State
A government that provides social services like healthcare, education, and financial aid to its citizens.