Bio 106 first test

According to the idea of Special Creationism, species are created by god for specific habitats and __________.

do not change.

The belief that the Earth is only 6,000 years old and does not change is known as __________.

Fixity of Earth.

The Scala Naturae, proposed by Aristotle, suggests that species are __________ and there is a hierarchy of complexity.

fixed.

Linnaeus developed a system that clusters species into __________ categories.

nested.

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck believed that traits could be __________ over time.

inherited.

According to Lamarck's theory, traits can change based on __________ and __________.

use; disuse.

Charles Lyell argued that the Earth is __________ and changes gradually over time.

old.

Darwin began to question special creationism after observing fossil sea shells at __________ feet in the Andes.

10,000.

Darwin's observation of endemic species on the Galapagos Islands led him to hypothesize that species __________.

migrated.

Darwin's Theory of Evolution explains that populations accumulate modifications __________ to __________.

generation; generation.

Natural selection involves genetic variation, selective pressure, and __________.

reproduction.

Selectivity pressure occurs when individuals experience __________ for existence leading to different reproductive success.

struggle.

The Linnean system of classification categorizes organisms into __________, __________, __________, __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Species; Genus; Family; Order; Class; Phylum; Kingdom; Domain.

In a phylogenetic tree, a node represents a __________ that experiences reproductive isolation.

common ancestor.

Traits that are useful for determining relatedness are known as __________ traits.

Homologous.

Traits that are not useful for evolutionary relationships and arise from similar environments are called __________ traits.

Analogous.

In the classification of species, a __________ group includes all descendants from a single ancestor plus the ancestor itself.

Monophyletic.

A __________ group in taxonomy includes some descendants of a single ancestor along with the ancestor.

Paraphyletic.

__________ plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, and have a dominant gametophyte stage.

Non-vascular.

Seedless vascular plants, like Lycophytes and Monilophytes, grow taller due to the presence of __________ tissue.

vascular.

In vascular plants, __________ transports water and minerals, while __________ transports sugars from leaves.

Xylem; Phloem.

Gymnosperms include four living plant groups, which are Cycads, Ginkgoes, Gnetophytes, and __________.

conifers.

In angiosperms, seeds are formed in __________, while spores are produced in __________.

fruits; flowers.

Angiosperms have the ability to attract __________ that help with pollination.

pollinators.