Themes and Interpretations (39-44)

What works feature notable unreliable narrators?

“The Tell-Tale Heart,” “Gone Girl,” and “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”

Who made “The Tell-Tale Heart?”

Edgar Allen poe

Who made “Gone Girl"?”

Gillian Flynn

What is the genre of “The Tell-Tale Heart?”

Short story

What does the narrator in Tell-Tale Heart do?

The narrator slowly descents into madness

What does the narrator in Gone Girl do?

Create a fake narrative about her kidnapping

When was the Rhetoric of Fiction made>?

1961

What did Booth define unrealiability as?

“For lack of better terms, I have called a narrator reliable when he speaks for or acts in accordance with the norms of the work… unrealiable when he does not.”

What is the general plot of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?

Huck Finn decides not to turn in Jim (enslaved an) over to the authorities and he believes he makes an unethical choice bc he was raised to thin slavery is morally right and black ppl don't deserve freedom

Who wrote “ADventures of Huckleberry Finn?”

Mark Twain

How does ”Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” demonstrate narrative unrealbility?

The author communicates to the readers that we shouldn't endorse Huck Finn’s assessment of himself, which means that he is unrealiable because his judgements don't align with the authors judgements

What narrative theorists and literar critics are noted for having expanded the concept of unreability?

Seymour Chatman, Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan, Kathleen wall and James Phelan

What essay initiated many of the expansions of the concept of unrealiability that are now commonplace?

“The Remains of the Day and Its Challenges t Theories of Unrealiable Narration”

When was “The Remains of the Day and Its Challenges to Theories of Unrealiable Narration” published?

1994

Who produced the essay “The remains of the day and its challenges to theories of unrealiable narration?”

Kathleen Wall

What does Ishiguro’s handling of Stevens’ narration do according to Kathleen Walls?

Demonstrate that unrealiability is often shown in ways other than just overt discrepancies between the narrator’s versions of events and the actual events that took place

What does Kathleen walls point out about Stevens complexity?

That he seems to come close to insightful recognition at times but also finds it necessary to “bracket off large areas of feeling, experience, and desire because of the huge investment he has made in a certain image of himself and of his place in life.”

How is stevens unreliable in terms of his relationship with Miss Kenton?

He understates her importance to him

How is Stevens unrealible in his relationship with Lord Darlington?

He overstates his greatness and consistently defends Lord Darlington throughout the Novel

Why does stevens never doubt Darlington?

Partly because of his upbringing seeing the aristocracy as noble but also because he linked his own life and value to the connection he has with the great things Darlington supposedly did.

What does stevens’ emphasis on dignity at the end of the novel when reflecting open his life and missed opportunities link regarding his unrealiability with Darlington and Miss Kenton?

That he gave up a romance with her to maintain professionalism required for the dignity that makes a butler great but his devotion to darlington robbed him of the self-regard that dignity actually requires

How does Stevens practice bantering?

Listening to a radio program, “Twice a Week or More”

What notable European leaders are depicted pictured before signing the munich agreement?

Neville Chamberlain, Edouard Daladier,. Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and galeazzo Ciano

When was the Munich Agreement?

1938

Ishiguro explained that his books shouldn't be read as history lessons to what interviewer?

Gregory Mason

What does Ishiguro tell Gregory Mason in an interview?

He does historical research to avoid getting anything “wildly wrong” but mainly his goal is to create a historically recognizable world where he can explore a character’s consciousness in relation to important social events and themes

What is more important to understand regarding the historical details in The remains of the day?

The way that those events offer readers insights into Stevens moral compass, or his awareness of his own complicity in an outdated class system

The ideals of Adolf Hitler were obscured between which two different goals?

It was unknown whether he sought to expand Germany and wage a war of revenge or just make Germany a powerful country again

What influential book did Hitler publish?

Mein kampf

When was Mein kampf published?

8 years before he became Chancellor (1925)

When did Hitler become chancellor?

1933

What did Mein Kampf do?

Lay out a very clear ideological program of racial “purification” and the violent reclaiming of “lost” German territory

Who points out that tHitler frequently voiced a desire to avoid war, especially with Britain?

Ian keshaw

Ian Kershaw is noted for what 3 things in the USAD resource guide?

Pointing out real alife examples of men who behaved like Darlington, that Hitler frequently sought to avoid war especially with Britain, and European appeasement of Germany was “offering concessions from a position of weakness”

Ian keshaw claimed that Hitler’s split between what he said and did posed what problem for British leaders?

“The fundamental question that puzzled British observers : was the ‘true’ Hitler the man who spoke of peace in his speeches, or the author of Mein Kampf, set on German expansion?”

What was the Munich Agreement?

The culmination of appeasement, it was a treaty that granted territorial concessions to Germany as part of an agreement to ensure peace

What territory did the Munich Agreement grant Germany?

Sudetenland

Whereius Sudetenland?

Western region of what was then Czechoslovakia

When did WW2 begin?

1 year after Munich Agreement (1939)

What did British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain call appeasement?

"A path towards “peace i

Who did Hitler use as a tool to convince British leaders and elites that Germany was only interested in select things?

Joachim von Ribbentrop

What did Hitler want British leaders and elites to believe Germany was interested in?

Rebuilding its military and economy after years of sanctions and forced disbarment and regaining its national pride

How did Hitler violate the treaty of versailles?

Withdrawing from disarmament conferences and rearming the german air force

How does Ian Kershaw refer to appeasement?

As “offering concessions from a position of weakness”

How does Peter Neville define appeasement?

The process that “involves conciliation and attempting to understand rival viewpoints in interstate relations”

What are Lord Darlingtons mlotivations?

His antisemitic beliefs and his delusions about being able to influence great events

What was the real-life von Ribbentrop able to exploit?

The sense of self-importance among social and aristocratic elites

What novel is noted for demonstrating how domestic servants would compete with each other for more coveted roles?

Agnes Gray

What show I s noted for demonstrating how domestic servants would compete with each other for more coveted roles?

Upstairs, Downstairs and Downton Abbey

Who made “Agnes Grey?”

Anne Bronte

What works are noted for displaying how domestic servamnts would cpoepte for more coveted roles?

“Agnes Grey” and “Upstairs, Downstairs and Downton Abbey”

Social hierarchies create and are often created by what?

Political beliefs, who is on top and who is on the bottom is not the result of inequitable distributions of resources or privilege but natural order of thing

What did David Graeber write about the truth of the world?

“The ultimate hidden truth of the world is that it is something we make,and could just as easily make differently”

Who is David Graeber?

An anthropologist who wrote that “The ultimate hidden truth of the world dis that is is something that we make, and could just as easily make differently .”

Ishiguro uses stevens as an example of what happens when chosen values of a hierarchical social order are so dominant that what?

They are hardly even seen as chosen anymore

Stevens’ approach t dignity can be described as a _______-_________ approach

top-down

Smith’s approach to dignity can be described as a _________-_______ approach

Bottom-up

What does Ishiguro show by showing the degree to which Stevens is disturbed by Mr Smiths argument about dignity?

He shows the power of social ideology, that even if a system of values harms us we will sometimes still work to uphold it and only see faults do we recognize that we could have lived differently

What is perhaps the most transformative part of Stevens journey?

The reckoning with how his life could have been different