chapters 1,3,4,5,8 vocab midterm interpersonal communications

4 types of noise

• Physical Noise – External distractions (loud music, traffic).

• Physiological Noise – Biological factors (hunger, illness, fatigue).

• Psychological Noise – Mental distractions (stress, emotions, prejudice).

• Semantic Noise – Misunderstandings caused by language or word meanings.

asynchronous communication

Communication that does not happen in real time (email, text messages).

Synchronous Communication

Communication that occurs in real time (phone calls, face-to-face conversations).

code switching

adjusting language speech behavior or appearance to fit different social groups or situations

microaggression

a subtle comment or action that unintentionally communicated prejudice or bias toward a group

low context culture

communication relies mostly on direct words and explicit messages (ex: U.S. and Germany)

High context culture

communication relies heavily on context relationships and non verbal cues (Ex: Japan China)

salience

characteristics that stand out and become importance in communication

Ethnicity vs Race

Race: social category based on physical traits

Ethnicity: Shared culture, language, nationality or heritage

Collectivism

Cultural values emphasizing group goals over individual goals

Culture

a learned system of values, belifs, norms and behaviors shared by a group

co-culture

a group within a larger culture with its own distinctive values and behaviors

Intercultural communication

communication between people from different cultures

perceived self

how you view yourself

presented self

the image you intentionally show to others

cognitive conservatism

the tendency to maintain existing belifs even when presented with new information

self concept

the collection of beliefs and perceptions you have about yourself

reference group

people whose opinion and behavior influence your self-concept

standpoint theory

the idea that a social positionsand experience influence how people see the world

implicit bias

unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affects judgments and actions

confirmation bias

looking for information that supports existing

self-fulfilling prophecy

expectation about a person or situation that influence behavior and makes those expectations come true

self-serving bias

attributing successes to yourself and failure to outside factors

snap judgment

a quick evaluation or conclusion made with limited information

self-disclosure

revealing personal information about yourself to others

disclosure

sharing information that may be personal private or meaningful

reflective feedback

responding to show understanding of the specker’s message and feelings

paraphrasing

restating the speaker’s ideas in your own words

approval

showing agreement or support for the speaker

empathizing

understanding and acknowledging the speakers feelings

supportive response

offering comfort and encouragement

directive appraisal

telling someone what you think they should do

nondirective appraisal

helping someone evaluate choices without telling them what to do

relational listening

listening with the goal of building and maintaining relationship

task oriented listening

listening to complete a job solve a problem or obtain information

mindless listening

receiving messages with little attention or thought

mindful listening

giving careful attention and actively processing information

Barriers to listening

message overload rapid thought psychological noise physical distraction hearing problems faulty assumptions lack of effort

fidelity

the accuracy with which a meesage is understood and interpreted by the receiver