Academic Vocabulary - List 2

Vocabulary practice cards defining all 100 academic words featured in List 2.

access

The ability, right, or permission to approach, enter, or use something.

activity

A specific deed, action, or pursuit.

alter

To change or make different in character, appearance, or composition.

alternative

One of two or more available possibilities or choices.

amendment

A formal or official change made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document.

annual

Occurring, appearing, or done once every year.

apparent

Clearly visible or understood; obvious; seeming to be real or true.

application

The practical use of something, or a formal request for something such as a job or admission.

approximate

Close to the actual, but not completely accurate or exact.

artificial

Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally.

attitude

A settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something.

aware

Having knowledge or perception of a situation, fact, or condition.

capacity

The maximum amount that something can contain, produce, or withstand.

challenge

A demanding task or situation that tests someone's abilities or resources.

circumstance

A fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action.

comment

A verbal or written remark expressing an opinion or reaction.

communication

The imparting or exchanging of information, ideas, or feelings.

concentration

The action of focusing mental effort, or the relative amount of a given substance in a solution or mixture.

conflict

A serious disagreement, battle, or collision between opposing forces or principles.

considerable

Notably large in size, amount, or extent.

constant

Occurring continuously over a period of time; unchanging.

contact

The state or condition of touching, meeting, or communicating.

contribution

Something given, contributed, or done to help produce or achieve a result.

core

The central, most essential, or most important part of something.

correspond

To have a close similarity or match; to communicate by exchanging letters or messages.

criteria

Principles or standards by which something may be judged or decided.

cycle

A series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order.

debate

A formal discussion on a particular topic featuring opposing arguments.

decline

To become smaller, fewer, or less; to decrease, or to politely refuse.

deduction

The subtraction of an amount, or the process of reaching a conclusion by reasoning from general principles.

demonstrate

To clearly show the existence, truth, or operation of something by evidence or practical illustration.

despite

Without being affected by; in spite of.

dimension

A measurable extent of some kind (such as length, width, or depth), or an aspect of a situation.

domestic

Relating to the running of a home, family affairs, or within one's own country.

dominant

Most important, powerful, influential, or commanding.

emerge

To come out into view, become apparent, or rise from obscurity.

emphasis

Special importance, value, or stress given to something.

enable

To give someone or something the authority, means, or ability to do something.

energy

The capacity of a physical system to perform work; vitality or power.

enforcement

The act of compelling observance of or compliance with a law, rule, or obligation.

ensure

To make certain that something will happen or be the case.

equivalent

Equal in value, amount, function, meaning, or significance.

evolution

The gradual development and adaptation of something over time.

exclude

To deny someone or something access to a place, group, or privilege; to leave out.

exposure

The state of being uncovered or subjected to an influence or environment; the revelation of an identity or fact.

external

Belonging to or situated on the outside; outward.

facilitate

To make an action or process easier or help bring it about.

fundamental

Forming a necessary base, core, or central component; primary.

funds

Monetary resources or sums of money set aside for a specific purpose.

generation

All of the people born and living at about the same time, or the production of something.

hence

As a consequence; for this reason; from this time forward.

hypothesis

A proposed, testable explanation for a phenomenon based on limited evidence.

illustrate

To make clear or explain by examples, diagrams, or pictures.

image

A representation of the external form of a person or thing in art, on a screen, or in the mind.

immigration

The action of moving permanently to live in a foreign country.

implement

To put a decision, plan, or policy into effect.

initial

Occurring at the beginning; first.

integration

The act or process of combining multiple components into an integral whole.

layer

A sheet, quantity, or thickness of material spread over or covering a surface.

legislation

Laws considered collectively, or the process of making and enacting laws.

location

A particular place, site, or position.

logic

Reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity.

marginal

Situated on the border or edge; of minor or secondary importance.

maximum

The greatest possible amount, quantity, or degree.

mechanism

A system of parts working together in a machine, or a process by which something takes place.

medical

Relating to the science or practice of medicine and healing.

mental

Relating to the mind, intellectual capacity, or psychological state.

modification

The act of making a limited alteration or amendment to something.

negative

Expressing refusal, denial, or pessimism; lacking positive attributes; less than zero.

network

An interconnected system of things, people, routes, or computers.

occupation

A person's regular job or profession, or the military takeover and control of a territory.

option

A thing that is or may be chosen; a possible alternative.

orientation

The determination of the relative position or direction of something, or an introduction to a new environment.

outcome

The way a thing turns out; a consequence or result.

overall

Taking everything into account; comprehensive; general.

parallel

Side by side and having the same distance continuously between them; occurring simultaneously with similar features.

perspective

A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.

philosophy

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.

precise

Marked by exactness and accuracy of expression, measurement, or detail.

predict

To declare or estimate that a specific event will occur in the future.

project

A planned piece of work or enterprise undertaken to achieve a specific goal.

promote

To further the progress, support, or popularity of something; to raise to a higher rank.

proportion

A part, share, or ratio considered in comparative relation to a whole.

psychology

The scientific study of the human mind and its functions and behaviors.

reaction

An action or response in resistance or opposition to a previous influence or stimulus.

remove

To take off, dislodge, or eliminate from an occupied position.

resolution

A firm decision to do or not to do something, or the solving of a problem.

specify

To identify or state clearly, precisely, and definitely.

stability

The state or quality of being stable, steady, and secure against change.

subsequent

Coming after something in time; following.

sufficient

Enough to meet the needs of a situation or proposed end; adequate.

summary

A brief statement or account of the main points of something.

supply

An amount or stock of a resource available for use; to provide what is needed.

task

A piece of work to be undertaken or completed.

technique

A systematic procedure or practical method by which an artistic or scientific task is performed.

technology

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes and engineering.

transition

The process or a period of changing from one state, stage, or condition to another.

trend

A general direction in which something is developing, shifting, or changing.

version

A particular form or variant of something differing in details from other forms.

volume

The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object, or the degree of loudness.