Chapter 11 Review- The First World War

nationalism

This long-term cause of the war encouraged competitiveness between nations.

imperialism

This long-term cause of the war involved a contest for colonies as nations tried to increase their power and influence around the world.

militarism

This long-term cause of the war involved the development of armed forces and their use as a tool for negotiating with other countries.

To promise to defend each other

What was the purpose of the alliance system in Europe before World War I?

Britain, Russia, France

In 1914, the Allies consisted of what countries?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, The Ottoman Empire

In 1914, the Central Powers consisted of what countries?

The heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Gavrilo Princip, A Serbian nationalist

Who was the killer of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Punishing Serbia

What was Austria's initial action taken in response to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

After the assassination, the alliance system forced nations of Europe to follow each other into war.

Why did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand lead to fighting?

Neither side gained much territory

What was the outcome of the trench warfare that developed in France during World War I?

It led to huge casualties on both sides

What was the impact of trench warfare in terms of casualties?

The area between the two lines of trenches

What was "no man's land" during World War I?

More than three years

How long did the bloody trench warfare continue during World War I?

Divided, with differing views on the war

How was public opinion about the war in the United States?

1. their common language and heritage with Britain

2. their outrage over reported German Brutalities

3. their strong economic ties with Britain

What were three things that influenced Americans' feelings about the war?

1. It affected American shipping because of the British blockade on Germany

2. 128 Americans died when the British liner, the Lusitania, was sunk by a German U-Boat

Which of the following were ways the war affected American citizens?

1. Germany's announcement to sink all ships in British waters on sight

2. British agents intercepted the Zimmermann Note

What are the two main incidents that led the United States to declare war?

An alliance between Germany and Mexico against the United States

What did the Zimmermann note propose?

An act that required men to register with the government for military service

What was the Selective Service Act?

About 3 million

How many men were put in uniform as a result of the draft?

Nurses, secretaries, and telephone operators

What noncombat roles did women serve in the navy during World War I?

1. Men were drafted into the armed forces

2. The U.S. built ships to transport soldiers and supplies to Europe

3. Women served in noncombat positions

What were 3 ways the United States built up its armed forces to prepare for war?

To transport supplies across the Atlantic Ocean while protecting against German submarine attacks

What was the purpose of the convoy system used by the United States and Britain during World War I?

1. contributed ships to carry supplies

2. contributed soldiers

3. provided energy and enthusiasm

What were 3 ways the United States helped the Allies?

1. trench foot and trench mouth

2. poison gas

3. filth and disease

4. "shell shock"

What hardships did soldiers face in World War I?

John J Pershing

Who led the American Expeditionary Force during World War I?

tanks and planes with mounted machine guns

What were the two most innovative weapons of World War I?

Eddie Richenbacker

Having shot down 26 enemy planes, he was America's leading ace pilot in the war.

They arrived just in time to stop a German advance on Paris

How did American troops help end the war?

A person who opposes war on moral grounds and refuses to fight

What is a conscientious objector?

More than 22 million

How many people were killed during World War I?

Germany, exhausted from the war, finally agreed to an armistice

What happened on November 11, 1918 that brought an end to World War I?

22 million casualties

What did World War I cost in terms of deaths?

To boost industrial production for the war effort

What was the main purpose of the War Industries Board?

To improve working conditions and settle disputes between management and labor

What was the purpose of the National War Labor Board?

1. He established the War Industries Board to boost industrial production.

2. He created the Railroad Administration to control the nation's railroads.

3. He created the Fuel Administration to watch over the use of coal, gasoline, and heating oil.

4. He created the Food Administration to help conserve food supplies.

How did President Wilson control the economy during World War I?

By increasing taxes and selling war bonds

How did the government raise money for the war?

To create propaganda to popularize the war

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?

propaganda

A kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions.

George Creel

Head of the Committee of Public Information who used artists and advertising people to create thousands of posters, paintings, and cartoons to promote the war.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

What laws were passed by Congress that enacted harsh penalties against anyone opposing U.S. participation in World War I?

Freedom of speech

What Constitutional amendment did the Espionage and Sedition Acts violate?

W.E.B. Du Bois

What African American civil rights leader believed that helping the war effort would help the fight for racial equality.

The movement of African Americans from the South to cities of the North

What was the Great Migration?

1. To escape racial discrimination

2. To find jobs in Northern industries

Why did African Americans move from the South to cities of the North during the war?

1. Women did jobs that had been previously done by men.

2. Women volunteered in the Red Cross and sold war bonds.

3. Women's activities made them more visable.

How did women's roles change during the war?

Fourteen Points

What was President Wilson's plan for peace following World War I?

Ways in which future wars could be avoided

Which of the following did Wilson's first five points in the Fourteen Points address?

Different ethnic groups should be able to decide for themselves what nation they would belong to.

Wilson's next 8 points (6-13) suggested new national boundaries based on self-determination. What did Wilson believe in regards to self-determination?

To address problems between countries before they led to war

What was the main reason for the establishment of the League of Nations in Wilson's fourteenth point?

The creation of a League of Nations

Which of the following was the main point that President Wilson insisted on in his Fourteen Points during the Treaty of Versailles negotiations?

Punish it for starting the war

What did the leaders of France and Great Britain, George Clemenceau and David Lloyd George, want to do to Germany after the war?

To sign the Treaty of Versailles

What was the purpose of the meeting at the Palace of Versailles in 1919?

It disbanded their military forces

What did the Treaty of Versailles do to Germany's army and navy?

Reparations for losses suffered by the Allied Powers

What were the reparations that Germany was forced to pay under the Treaty of Versailles?

war-guilt clause

What was the war-guilt clause in the Treaty of Versailles?

League of Nations

An international organization to address problems between countries before they led to war

David Lloyd George-Britain; Georges Clemenceau-France

These two leaders were on the winning side of the war and they wanted to punish Germany severely for their actions.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 treaty that ended World War I.

A clause which placed full responsibility on Germany for causing the war

This was contained in the Treaty of Versailles which placed full responsibility on Germany for causing the war.

1. Its harsh and humiliating punishment of Germany

2. It took more territory away from Russia than it did from Germany

3. It did not recognize the claims of colonies for self-determination

What were 3 weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles?

They did not like the idea of working with other countries to take economic and military action against aggression.

What was the main reason that conservative senators opposed joining the League of Nations?

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

Conservative senator who wanted to keep the United States out of the League of Nations. He did not like the idea of working with other countries to take economic and military action against aggression.

The United States never joined the League of Nations

What happened as a result of Wilson's refusal to compromise with the Senate on the issue of the League of Nations?

strengthened both the military and the power of the government

How did World War I impact the United States' military power and government?

A legacy of massive destruction, loss of life, political instability, and violence

What legacy did World War I leave in Europe?

It created more conflicts and issues between European countries.

What was the outcome of World War I in Europe?

Exploited Germans' discontent with the Treaty of Versailles

What did Adolf Hitler do in Germany after World War I?