EASC 101

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Quartz
NF silicate
SiO₂
Conchoidal fracture
Hardness 7
(Scratches Glass)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Calcite
CaCO₃
Carbonate
Rhombic Cleavage
Hardness 3
(Reacts with HCl)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Biotite Mica(dark)/Muscovite Mica(light)
K(Mg,Fe)₃ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂ | KAI2(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
F silicate / NF silicate
Basal Cleavage
Hardness ~2.5
(Flexible and Flaky)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Magnetite
Fe₃O₄
Oxide
Fracture
Hardness~5.5
(Attractive to magnet)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Talc
Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
NF silicate (No Fe)
Cant see how the individual grains break
Hardness 1
(Soapy feel)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Olivine
(Fe,Mg)₂SiO₄
F silicate
Conchoidal fracture
Hardness about 6.5 to 7
(Green small grains)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Dolomite
CaMg(CO₃)₂
Carbonate
Rhombic cleavage
Hardness 3.5 to 5
(Reacts with HCl)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Sphalerite
ZnS
Sulphide
Dodecahedral Cleavage but very difficult to find all 6 cleavage directions
Hardness 3.5 to 4
(looks like sh1t)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Fluorite
CaF₂
Halide
Octahedral Cleavage
Hardness 4
(Colourful crystal catluvr)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Hematite
Fe₂O₃
Oxide
Irregular fracture
hardness 5.5 to 6.5
(metallic samples are specular)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Halite
NaCl
Halide
Cubic Cleavage
Hardness 2.5
(taste salty)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Galena
Pbs
Sulphide
Cubic Cleavage
Hardness 2.5
(Very dense)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Pyrite
FeS₂
Sulphide
Irregular fracture sometimes conchoidal
Hardness 6 to 6.5
(Very dense)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Chalcopyrite
CuFeS₂
Sulphide
Irregular fracture
Hardness 3.5 to 4
(Fool’s gold, Cu ore)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Chalcopyrite
CaSO₄·H₂O
Sulphate
Basal clevage but not ofter seen
Hardness 2
(Almost has a wood grain look to it)

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Amphibole(Hornblende)
Ca₂(Mg,Fe)Al(Si7Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
F Silicate
Prismatic cleavage two directions at about 56 and 124
Hardness 5 to 6

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Pyroxene(Augite)
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆
F Silicate
Prismatic cleavge at about 90
harness 5 to 6.5

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Potasium Feldspar(Orthoclase)
KAlSi₃O₈
NF silicate
Prismatic cleavage uneven fracture on the ends
Hardness 6

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Na Plag Feld(Albite)
NaAlSi₃O₈
NF silicate
Prismatic cleavage uneven fracture on the ends

Mineral
Name
Class
Fracture

Ca Plag Feld(Labradorite) (Mix of albite and anorthite)
CaAl₂Si₃O₈
NF silicate
Prismatic cleavage uneven fracture on the ends

Igneous rock

Granite
Felsic
Phaneritic (Intrusive)
K spar, Na plag, Quartz, Biotite or Amphibole

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Granodiorite
Felsic to intermediate (between granite and diorite)
Phaneritic (Intrusive)
Na rich plag, Quartz, Biotite or Amphibole

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Basalt
Mafic
Aphanitic (Extrusive)
fine grained plagioclase and pyroxene

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Dacite
Felsic to intermediate (between rhyolite and andesite)
Porphyritic (Extrusive)
Amphibole as phenocrysts

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Rhyolite
Felsic
Aphanitic or Porphyritic (Extrusive)
K spar, quartz

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Diorite
Intermediate
Phaneritic (Intrusive)
Amphibole, Na rich plag

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Peridotite
Ultramafic
Phaneritic (Intrusive)
Mainly Olivine with Pyroxene

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Scoria
Mafic
Vesicular/aphanitic (Extrusive)
Plagioclase and Pyroxene

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Gabbro
Mafic
Phaneritic (Intrusive)
Ca rich plag, Pyroxene

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Obsidian
Felsic (Typically rhyolitic)
Glassy (Extrusive)
no minerals

Igneous rock
Composition
Texture

Pumrice
Felsic (Typically rhyolitic)
Vesicular and Glassy
No true crystal

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Conglomerate
Clastic Gravel >2mm Gravel
Assorted, lots of lithic fragments

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Quartz sand stone
Clastic Sand 1/16-2mm
Iron oxide cement

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Quartz sand stone
Clastic Sand 1/16 - 2mm
Silica cement

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Arkose
Sand and Granules angular grains
Feldspar and quartz mainly

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Lithic Sandstone
Clastic Sand, moderate to well rounding sorting
Quartz and lithic fragments

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Shale and Mud Stone
Clastic Clay/silt (Mud)
Microscopic, have layers

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Chalk
Microcrystalline Coccolithophorids
Microscopic Reacts with HCl because its carbonate (calcite)

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Oolitic Limestone
Calcite Ooides
Small round grains react with HCl (Calcite)

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Micrite
Microcrystalline Clcite
React with HCl (Calcite)

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Coal
Fine/Microcrystalline
Shiny Low density

Sedimentary Rock Name
Mineral Composition
Texture

Chert
Microcrystalline
Quartz
Conchoidal fracture and very hard hardness7