Mathematical Equations

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15 Terms

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Formal Charge

# of valence e- - (# of bonds + # of lone pairs)

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Mass Number

mass number = neutrons + protons

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Atomic Number

atomic number = protons

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Ka

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pKa

-log(Ka)

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Keq

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Free Energy

ΔG=ΔH-TΔS

ΔG°=-RTln(Keq)

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Enthalpy

ΔH=(sum of BDEbroken)-(sum of BDEformed)

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Rate Law

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Activation Energy


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Optical Purity

optical purity = (observed rotation)/(rotation of pure enantiomer)

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Enantiomeric Excess

ee = (% major) - (% minor) = (specific rotation mixture)/(specific rotation pure enantiomer)

<p>ee = (% major) - (% minor) = (specific rotation mixture)/(specific rotation pure enantiomer)</p>
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Degrees of Unsaturation

DU=(2C+2+N-H-X)/2

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Photon Energy

E=hv=hc/λ

v=frequency, λ=wavelength, h=Panck’s constant (6.626×10-34 m2kg/s), c=3×108 m/s

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Chemical Shift (ppm)

ppm=Hz/Mhz