Chapter 12 part 2 (Condensed notes)

made it off ChatGPT based on the condensed notes

How is gray matter arranged in most of the CNS?

Inner gray matter is surrounded by outer white matter.

What makes up nervous (neural) tissue?

Neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia or glial cells

What are the main parts of a neuron?

Cell body (soma), axon, and dendrites.

What does the neuron soma contain?

A nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm called the perikaryon.

Which structures are found in the neuron cell body?

Nucleus, nucleolus, rough and smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and microtubules.

What are Nissl bodies?

Concentrations of rough ER and free ribosomes.

What is the axon hillock?

The specialized region connecting the initial segment of the axon to the cell body.

What is axoplasm?

The cytoplasm of an axon, containing numerous organelles.

What are axon collaterals?

Side branches from an axon.

What are terminal arborizations?

Fine terminal extensions branching from the tip of an axon.

What is a terminal bouton?

The area where one neuron synapses on another.

What is the axolemma?

The plasmalemma (plasma membrane) of an axon.

What is the function of dendrites?

Receive signals and conduct them toward the neuron cell body.

What is the function of an axon?

Generates and conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.

What is a synapse?

A functional junction between neurons or between a neuron and another cell.

What is the function of a synapse?

It serves as a site of intercellular communication.

Where can synapses occur?

Dendrites (axodendritic), cell bodies (axosomatic), or axons (axoaxonic).

What is a vesicular (chemical) synapse?

A synapse involving neurotransmitters.

What is a nonvesicular (electrical) synapse?

A synapse involving direct contact between cells.

What is a multipolar neuron?

Has several dendrites and one axon.