Chapter 11 Study Guide: Digestive System Terminology

Vocabulary practice cards covering diagnostic terms, word roots, anatomy, nutritional deficiencies, and pathologies from Chapter 11 on the digestive system.

Jejunum

The second portion of the small intestine whose name means to empty.

Liver

The organ that produces bile.

Peritoneum

The lining of the structures in the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Pyloric

The ring of muscles found around the opening between the stomach and duodenum.

Esophogus

The tube extending from the throat to the stomach that means gullet.

os-, or/o, stomato-

Combining forms that all mean mouth.

enter/o

Combining form that means small intestines.

proct/o

Combining form that means rectum and anus.

Giardiasis

A condition commonly seen in children in daycare centers.

Mal/occlu/sion

A diagnostic term that literally means bad/closure/refers.

Divertculo/o/sis

A diagnostic term referring to an abnormal condition of having outpouchings or outpouching swellings in the colon.

Gingivitis

A diagnostic term that means inflammation of the gums.

litho-, petro-, lapio-

Word parts that mean stone.

Pyorrhea

A condition referred to as periodontitis, Riggs' disease, and periodontoclasia.

Chrons disease

Chronic inflammation of the small and/or large intestines characterized by cobblestone ulcerations along the intestinal wall and formation of scar tissue; also known as chronic regional ileitis.

ptyalo-

A word part that means mucus saliva fluid.

Anorexia nervosa

A disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat; literally means without appetite caused by a nervous condition.

Cirrhosis

A chronic disease of the liver characterized by the gradual destruction of liver cells.

Choledocholith/otripsy

A surgical term that means crushing a stone in the common bile duct.

Cheil/orrhaphy

A surgical term that means suture of the lips.

Colostomy

The process or procedure of cutting and forming a mouth in the big intestine.

Glossorrhaphy

A surgical term that means suture of the tongue.

Cholangiography

The procedural term for X-ray filming of the gallbladder.

Protoscopy

The procedural term that means visual examination of the rectum.

Leukoplaquia

A white plate-like plaque found on the gingiva.

Protoscope

An instrument used for visual examination of the rectum.

Upper GI series

A series of X-ray films taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed.

cholangio-

A word part that refers to the bile duct.

Dysphagia

A medical term meaning difficult swallowing or eating.

Bruxism

A term describing the grinding of teeth.

Tapeworm

A parasite whose name literally translates to narrow banded worm.

Mesentery

The broad fan-shaped peritoneal fold that suspends and encircles the jejunum and ileum to the dorsal wall of the abdomen.

Riboflavin

The chemical name for Vitamin B2.

Ascaris

A Greek term that literally means intestinal worm.

Orthodontist

A specialist who focuses on straightening teeth.

Incision/or

An anatomical term that literally means one who cuts in.

Enteron

A Greek term literally meaning intestine, usually used in reference to the small intestine.

Gastritis

An inflammation of the stomach rugae mucosal wall.

Gastric rugae

An anatomical term that literally means stomach folds.

Peptic ulcer

A diagnostic term that literally translates to digestion/sore.

Hepatitis A

A viral infection also known as infectious hepatitis.

Hepatitis B

A viral infection also known as serum hepatitis.

Hepatitis C

A viral infection that may remain dormant in the body for years before signs and symptoms appear.

Dental caries

A diagnostic term referring to tooth cavities.

dento-, donto-

Word parts that both mean tooth.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A diagnostic condition that can also refer to heartburn.

Perionitis

The inflammation of the periontrum (peritoneum).

Tartar

A diagnostic term referring to dental plaque.

Coloscopy

A diagnostic term that refers to viewing and examining the large intestine.

Gustation

A term meaning to feel in Old French, but whose actual meaning is to taste.

Zinc

A dietary mineral that can be sourced from whole grains.

Bolus

A nutritional term meaning a ball or lump.

Chyme

A nutritional term that literally means juice.

Thiamin

The chemical name for Vitamin B1.

Absorbic acid

The chemical name for Vitamin C.

Enema

A medical term that literally means to inject.

Inguinal hernia

The most common type of hernia.

Dys/phonia

A diagnostic term that actually means faulty voice.

Ileitis

Inflammation of the ileum.

Bulim/ia

A diagnostic term that literally refers to hunger.

Hyper/cholesterol/emia

A blood condition characterized by cholesterol levels exceeding 200 for a twenty-year-old.

Acute appendicitis

A diagnostic term that actually means inflammation of the cecal appendage.

Dys/entery

A diagnostic term that literally means faulty, difficult, and painful intestines, or a faulty or painful intestinal process.

Shigellosis

An intestinal condition diagnosed by identifying stool.

Chloride

A mineral sourced primarily from table salt and processed foods.

Abdominal hernia

A condition referring to a protrusion through the abdominal wall.

Alimentary

An anatomical term that literally means to nourish.

Copper

A dietary mineral that can be sourced from organ meats.

Beri/beri

A diagnostic term referring to body weakness caused by a lack of thiamine in the diet.

Pell/agra

A diagnostic term literally meaning skin/rough caused by a deficiency of niacin or niacinamide.

Scurvy

A diagnostic term literally meaning to scratch caused by a deficiency of vitamin C in the diet.

Fistula

A diagnostic term that refers to a pipe stem-like passageway.

Mixed neoplasm

A neoplasm composed of two or more germinal layers.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A diagnostic condition referring to painful intestines.

Proctitis

Inflammation of the rectum and anus.

Hiatal hernia

Protrusion of the stomach upward through the diaphragm.

-cele

A word part that means a rupture, hernia, or protrusion.

Hepat/oma

A medical term meaning liver/tumor.

Volvulus

A condition usually characterized by twisting of the ileum or colon.

ferro-, sidero-

Word parts that mean iron.

Cholera

A disease name that literally means bile-like flowing.

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

Masticating

The act of chewing.

Pancreas

An organ that possesses both endocrine and digestive functions.

Steatorrhea

The presence of fat in the feces, often associated with pancreatitis.

Gingival hyperplasia

Enlargement of the gums, noted as a potential side effect of phenytoin therapy.

Polyuria and polydipsia

Symptoms common in diabetes insipidus characterized by increased urinary volume output and thirst.

Essential body nutrients

There are six essential nutrients required by the body.

Hemmorrhoids

A condition whose literal roots translate to blood/bursting forth/resembles.