Chapter 9: medical terminology

What is the alimentary canal?

the passageway food travels through

What does amylase break down?

Carbohydrates, including starch

What is deglutition?

Swallowing

What is peristalsis?

Wave-like contractions moving food

Which enzyme breaks down fats?

Lipase

What is absorption?

Moving nutrients into blood or lymph

Which organ produces bile?

Liver

What is mastication?

chewing

Which enzyme breaks down proteins?

protease

what does elimination mean?

removal of undigested waste

The roof of the mouth is termed the:

palate

During swallowing, the ____ helps close off the enterance to the nose from the back of the throat

soft palate

Taste buds are located on the sides of the tongues ____

papillae

The ____ moves food around in the mouth during mastication

tongue

How many permanent teeth does the average adult have

32

What is the hard outer covering of a tooth?

Enamel

Which salivary glands are beneath the tongue?

Sublingual

What is the function of the esophagus?

Carry food to the stomach

What does a sphincter do?

Controls an opening

What does periodontal mean?

Around a tooth

Dentists

Practitioners in the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the oral facial complex

Periodontists

Specialists in disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth

Gastroenterologists

Physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the stomach and intestines

Proctologists

physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus

dietitian

managers of food services who promote healthy eating

Nutritionist

professionals who prevent and treat illness by promoting healthy eating

The tube that leads from the mouth to the anus is the:

alimentary canal

Where does most nutrient absorption occur?

Small Intestine

What is chyme?

Semifluid, partially digested food

Which substance helps the body absorb vitamin B12?

Intrinsic Factor

Which enzyme digests fats?

Lipase

Which section of the small intestine comes first?

duodenum

What is the main function of villi?

increase surface area for absorption

What is the storage form of glucose?

Glycogen

Which colon is S-Shaped?

Sigmoid

Which anal sphincter can you voluntarily control?

external

What does the large intestine primarily absorb?

water and electrolytes

Which organ produces bile?

Liver

What does the gallbladder do?

stores and concentrates bile

What does hepatic mean?

pertaining to the liver

Bilirubin is what color?

rust colored

Which hormone lowers blood glucose?

insulin

Which hormone raises blood glucose?

glucagon

Why is the pancreas called both exocrine and endocrine?

it releases digestive juice through a duct and hormones into the blood

What is the first part of the small intestine called?

Duodenum

What does pancreatic bicarbonate help do?

Neutralize acidic chyme

What is jaundice?

Yellowing of the skin and eyes from bilirubin buildup

in hepatic, the root means

liver

the suffix in cirrhosis indicates

a condition

bilirubin is the color of

rust

the root in cirrhosis indicates

color

Which condition means inflammation of the liver?

hepatitis

What is cholelithiasis?

gallstones

What term means inflammation of the gallbladder?

cholecystitis

Black, tarry stools are called

melena

What is the difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

diverticulosis is pouches; diverticulitis is inflammation of the pouches

What condition means inflammation of the pancreas?

Pancreatitis

What is an anal Fissure?

a tear in the anal lining

Which hepatitis viruses have vaccines available?

A and B

What does malabsorption mean?

poor nutrient absorption

What is hematemesis?

Vomiting blood

Deglutition is the process of ____. It is accomplished by alternating waves of smooth muscle contraction called _____.

swallowing; peristalsis

which of the following are the classes of digestive enzymes?

A. Amylase

B. Mucus

C. Protease

D. Lipase

Amylase

Protease

Lipase

The root intestin- and the combining form enter/o- both mean:

Intestine

The role of the accessory organs of digestion is to:

a. mechanically break down food as it passes through them

b. assist in digestion by secreting enzymes and other chemical substances

Which of the following are the functions of the digestive system?

a. Elimination

b. excretion

c. ingestion

d. absorption

A. elimination

c. ingestion

d. absorption

A digestive secretion that lubricates and protects the lining of the digestive tract is

mucus

Which structures are found in the mouth?

a. uvula

b. villi

c. tongue

d. pyloric sphincter

e. hard and soft palate

a. uvula

c. tongue

e. hard and soft palate

The root gastr- and combining form gastr/o both mean

stomach

The alimentary canal is

the tube that leads from the mouth to the anus

The selective intake of food into the mouth is called

ingestion

The dentin of an adult tooth surrounds a central ____ ____, where blood vessels and nerves are found

pulp cavity

the small structure that hangs down from the soft palate and keeps food in the oral cavity until it is ready to be swallowed is the

uvula

At the lower end of the esophagus, the ____ sphincter relaxes to allow the bolus to enter the stomach

esophageal

gastrin

a hormone that stimulates gastric motility and secretion

HCI

acid that converts pepsinogen to pepsin, activates gastric lipase, and breaks down tough tissue in ingested food

Pepsinogen

inactive form of pepsin secreted by chief cells

Pepsin

active enzyme that starts protein digestion

Intrinsic Factor

binds vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed in the small intestines

Mucus

lubricates and protects the lining of the stomach

The substacne that is required in order for vitamin b12 to be absorbed in the intestines is

intrinsic factor

The ____ is the first 9 - 10 inches of the small intestine. It recieves chyme from the ____, together with pancreatic juices and bile

duodenum; stomach

most dietary carbohydrates consist of:

starches

The waves of smooth muscle contraction that move the bolus of food downward in the esophagus are called

peristalsis

The large intestine forms a perimeter around the central mass of the ____ ____ in the abdominal cavity

small intestine

Mucous cells

secrete mucus

Enteroendocrine cells

secrete hormones, including gastrin

Chief cells

The most numerous cells in gastric glands; secrete pepsinogen

Parietal Cells

Secrete HCI which converts pepsinogen to pepsin and activates gastric lipaseS

Stem Cells

regenerate the other gastric gland cells

The largest internal organ in the human body is the

liver

The root in the term intrinsic means

on the inside

Common bile duct

Union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct

Hepatic Duct

transports bile from the liver

Cystic Duct

transports bile from the gallbladder

the word “small” in the term small intestines refers to the organs

Diameter

Simple sugars that are absorbed into the capillaries of the intestinal villi are transported to the liver in the

hepatic portal vein

The spongy gland located behind the stomach that has both exocrine and endocrine functions is the

pancreas

The s shaped segment of the large intestine that lies between the descending colon and the rectum is the

sigmoid colon

Dental plaque

collection of microorganisms on the teeth