Chapter 6 — Vitamins & Coenzymes Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards generated from Chapter 6 lecture covering vitamin names, coenzymes, metabolic functions, and clinical complications.

Vitamin B1

A water-soluble B-complex vitamin known as thiamine, which utilizes TPP as a coenzyme for decarboxylation reactions.

Thiamine

The chemical name for Vitamin B1.

Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)

The coenzyme derived from Vitamin B1 that serves as a coenzyme for decarboxylation reactions.

Beriberi

The clinical deficiency disease associated with a lack of Vitamin B1 (thiamine).

Vitamin B2

A water-soluble B-complex vitamin named riboflavin whose deficiency is rare.

Riboflavin

The chemical name for Vitamin B2.

FAD and FMN

The coenzymes derived from Vitamin B2 (riboflavin).

Vitamin B3

A B-complex vitamin named niacin that forms coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+.

Niacin

The chemical name for Vitamin B3.

NAD+

A Vitamin B3-derived coenzyme primarily involved in oxidative reactions.

NADP+

A Vitamin B3-derived coenzyme primarily involved in reductive biosynthesis.

Pellagra

The health complication caused by a deficiency in Vitamin B3 (niacin).

Vitamin B5

A B-complex vitamin named pantothenic acid that forms Coenzyme A (CoA).

Pantothenic Acid

The chemical name for Vitamin B5.

Coenzyme A (CoA)

The coenzyme derived from Vitamin B5 that functions in the Krebs cycle, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism.

Vitamin B6

A water-soluble vitamin known as pyridoxine that converts into the coenzyme pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP).

Pyridoxine

The chemical name for Vitamin B6.

Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)

The coenzyme form of Vitamin B6 responsible for the synthesis and degradation of amino acids.

Vitamin B7

A B-complex vitamin named biotin that serves as a prosthetic group for carboxylase enzymes.

Biotin

The chemical name for Vitamin B7.

Excessive Egg-White Intake

A specific dietary risk factor that can reduce the intestinal absorption of biotin (Vitamin B7).

Vitamin B9

A B-complex vitamin named folic acid that is crucial for embryonic neural tube development.

Folic Acid

The chemical name for Vitamin B9.

Tetrahydrofolate (THF)

An active coenzyme form of Vitamin B9 that transfers one-carbon units, particularly for nucleotide synthesis.

Neural Tube Development

A critical stage of fetal growth that requires adequate intake of Vitamin B9 (folic acid).

Vitamin B12

A B-complex vitamin named cobalamin essential for DNA synthesis as well as amino acid and fatty acid metabolism.

Cobalamin

The chemical name for Vitamin B12.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

A class of medications that, along with reduced stomach acid in elderly individuals, increases the risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Vitamin C

A water-soluble vitamin named ascorbic acid that acts as an antioxidant, supports immune health, and aids collagen production.

Ascorbic Acid

The chemical name for Vitamin C.

Prolyl Hydroxylase and Lysyl Hydroxylase

The specific collagen-producing enzymes that require Vitamin C for proper action.

Scurvy

The nutritional deficiency disease caused by a severe lack of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Vitamin A

A fat-soluble vitamin named retinol that functions in forming visual pigments in the retina.

Retinol

The chemical name for Vitamin A.

Night Blindness and Dry, Flaky Skin

The clinical symptoms associated with a deficiency in Vitamin A.

Vitamin A Overdose

A toxic condition characterized by symptoms such as blurry vision, dizziness, and headaches.

Vitamin D

A fat-soluble vitamin in the calciferol family that regulates blood calcium and phosphate levels.

Calciferols

The specific chemical family name associated with Vitamin D.

Rickets

A skeletal disorder characterized by poor bone development resulting from a deficiency in Vitamin D.

Vitamin D Excess

A condition resulting from excessive consumption of Vitamin D, leading to over-mineralization of bones.

Vitamin E

A fat-soluble vitamin belonging to the tocopherol family that functions as a cellular antioxidant.

Tocopherols

The chemical family name associated with Vitamin E.

Vitamin K

A fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting, listed in the form of phylloquinone.

Phylloquinone

The specific form of Vitamin K listed in the study lecture.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

The group of vitamins consisting of vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

The group of vitamins consisting of the B-complex vitamins and Vitamin C.

Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THFA)

One of the active coenzyme forms of Vitamin B9 (folic acid) alongside THF.

Fat-Soluble Overdose Risk

The medical concern arising from the fact that excess fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body rather than excreted.

Kidney Excretion of Vitamins

The physiological mechanism by which excess water-soluble vitamins are usually removed from the body.