Ap HG Unit 1

Reference Map

a map that shows geographic locations on the Earth's surface, such as the locations of cities or oceans. 

Thematic Map

A map that emphasizes the spatial patterns of geographic statistics or attributes, and sometimes the relationship between them

Choropleth

a thematic map that shows data aggregated for a specific geographic area, often using different colors to represent different values. 

Dot Density

a map that uses dot to represent objects or counts, the dot can represent one object (a one to one dot density map) or it can represent a number of objects ( a one to many dot density map) 

Graduated symbol

A map that uses symbols (such as cicles or dots) of different sizes to represent numerical values. 

Cartogram

A map that distorts the geographic shape of an area in order to show the size of a specific variable; the larger area on a cartogram, the larger the value of the underlying variable. 

Isoline

on a map a line that connects or links different places that share a comman or equal value such as elevation.

Topographic Map

a graphic representation of the 3d config. Of Earth's surface. 

Spatial Pattern

the placement or arrangement of objects on Earth's surface. These patterns also include the space between those objects. It explains when events happened, where they happened, and why they happened

Absolute Distance

The distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a foot, yard, mile or killometer,. 

Absolute Direction

Corresponds to the direction on a compass: North, south, east, west, and combinations such as northeast and southwest 

Relative Direction

A direction that can be described as position, such as in front of behind, to the left, or to the right. 

Clustered

If an object is close together

Dispersal

If objects are spread out in some organized fashion 

Distribution

the placement or arrangement of a feature in a space ( the way something is spread out over an area)

elevation

the altitude of a place above sea level or the ground

Map projection

A method for representing the surface of Earth or a celestial sphere on a plane (2d) surface all map projections distort some aspect of Earths surface. 

Geographic information System

a software application for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface; allows the rapid manipulation of geospatial data for problem solving and reasearch 

GPS

A system of 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice daily and transmit radio signals Earthward; the basis for many map-based apps that provide directions on how to get from 1 place to another 

Satellite navigation systems

images of Earth's surface gathered from sensors mounted on orbiting satellites, these sensors mounted on orbiting satellites; these sensors record in both the visible and non-visible portions of the electromagnetic. Spectrum allowing humans to view patterns and processes that are both visible and invisible to the naked eye 

remote sensing

that scanning of Earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain info about it

Field Observation

learning and doing reasearch involving firsthand experience, which takes place outside the classroom setting

Qualitative Data

data that doesn’t use numbers

Quantitative Data

Data that uses numbers

Toponym

A place’s name that functions as cultural evidence about the people.

Site

A physical location of a settlement and the specific characteristics of the land it occupies

Situation

a places location relative to its surrounding environment

absolute location

a precise position on the earth's surface

Relative Location

the location of something relative to other features.

Space

the extent of an area and can be in a relative and absolute location

Place

attributes that contribute to the uniqueness of a location

Placeness

factors that contribute to the uniqueness of a location

Cultural Landscape

physical artifacts humans make the landscape

Satelite imagery

images of Earth's surface gathered from sensors mounted on orbiting satellites, these sensors mounted on orbiting satellites; these sensors record in both the visible and non-visible portions of the electromagnetic. Spectrum allowing humans to view patterns and processes that are both visible and invisible to the naked eye 

landscape analysis

the visible combinations of physical features and human cultural expressions

Photographic Interpretation

examining photographs to interpreting the surrounding landscape.

Census

an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details about individuals, such as age, sex, race, and location 

Distance Decay

Time-distance decay- also known as the "first law of geography", the idea that near things are more related than distant things, and interaction between 2 places decreases the farther they are apart. 

Friction Of Distance

the inhibiting effect of distance on the intensity and volume of most forms of human interaction; time-space compression diminishes friction of distance. 

Time-Space-Compression

the decreasing distance between places, as measured by travel time or cost; often summarized by the phrase "the world is shrinking”

Globalization

The expansion of cultural, economic or political globally

Density

how tightly packed something is.

MDC

more developed country

LDC

less developed country

Sustainability

The use of Earth’s resources in ways that help future generations

Natural Resources

materials or substances that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain

Conservation

Actions that provide immediate benefits while also providing resources for future use

Preservation

the maintenance of earth’s natural resources

Environmental determinism

belief that climate and landforms are the MOST POWERFUL force shape human and societal/cultural development used in justifying racism

possiblism

acknowledges limits imposed by natural environment, but focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs.

Scale of Analysis

the level at which the data is displayed on a map

Regionalization

defining areas with 1 or more unifying characteristics or patterns of activity.

Formal region

A region that is clearly and distinctly defined

Functional Region

organized around a central node and the relationship is typically based around economies, travel or communication.

Perceptual

based off a person’s perspective of a certain location