OTA 115 The Muscular System (10/20)

one joint

golden rule of skeletal muscle activity 1: alll skeletal muscles cross at least?

proximal

golden rule of skeletal muscle activity 2: the bulk of a skeletal muscle lies ? to the joint crossed

two (origin and insertion)

golden rule of skeletal muscle activity 3: all skeletal muscles have at least ? attachments

pull

golden rule of skeletal muscle activity 4: skeletal muscles can only ? (can only contract)

insertion, origin

golden rule of skeletal muscle activity 5: during contraction, a skeletal muscle ? moves toward the ?

origin

what is the term for the muscle attachment to an immovable or less movable bone?

insertion

what is the term for the muscle attachment to a movable bone?

flexion (hinge and ball-and-socket joints)

which type of body movement decreases the angle to the joint; brings two bones closer together?

extension (straightening elbow or knee)

which type of body movement is the opposite of flexion, increases angle between two bones?

hyperextension

extension beyond 180 is ?

rotation

what type of body movement is movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis (common in ball and socket joints)?

abduction

what type of body movement is the movement of a limb away from the midline?

adduction

what is the movement of a limb toward the midline?

circumduction

which body movement is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction (common in ball and socket, proximal end is stationary, distal moves in circle)?

dorsiflexion

what type of body movement is lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin?

plantar flexion

which body movement is pointing the toes away from the head?

inversion

what body movement is turning sole of foot medially?

eversion

what body movement is turning sole of foot laterally?

supination

what body movement is where the forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly (radius & ulna are parallel)?

pronation

what body movement is where the forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly (radius & ulna cross each other)?

opposition

which body movement is moving the thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand?

prime mover (agonist)

what is the term for the muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement?

antagonist

what is the term for the muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover?

synergist

what is the term for the muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement or reduces undesirable movements?

fixator

what is the term for specialized synergists that hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover?

direction of muscle fibers

size

location

number of origins

location of origin & insertion

shape

action

what are the criteria that muscles are named on?

circular

what type of muscle has fibers that surround an opening, like the muscles around the mouth?

convergent

what type of muscle has fibers that are wide at one end and narrow at the other?

fusiform

what type of muscle has fibers that are thick in the middle and narrow at the ends?

parallel

what type of muscle has fibers that run in the same direction?

pennate

what type of muscle has fibers that attach at an angle to a tendon?

frontalis

which muscle raises eyebrows?

frontalis

orbicularis oculi

which muscle blinks and closes eyes?

orbicularis oculi

zygomaticus

which muscle raises corner of mouth?

zygomaticus

buccinator

which muscle compresses check; holds food between teeth during chewing?

buccinator

orbicularis oris

which muscle closes and protrudes lips?

orbicularis oris

platysma

which muscle tenses skin of neck?

platysma

temporalis

which muscle closes jaw?

temporalis

occipitalis

which muscle fixes aponderosis; pulls scalp posteriorly?

occipitalis

masseter

which muscle closes jaw?

masseter

sternocleidomastoid

which muscle flexes neck; laterally rotates head?

sternocleidomastoid

trapezius

which muscle raises, retracts, and rotates scapula?

trapezius

pectoralis major

which muscle adducts and flexes humerus?

pectoralis major

rectus abdominis

which muscle flexes vertebral column?

rectus abdominis

external oblique

which muscle flexes and rotates vertebral column?

linea alba

what is the dense connective tissue (“white line”) that vertically separates abs?

external oblique

biceps brachii

which muscle flexes elbow and supinates forearm?

biceps brachii

brachialis

which muscle flexes elbow?

brachialis

deltoid

which muscle abducts arm?

deltoid

iliopsoas

which muscle flexes hip?

iliopsoas

adductor muscles

which muscle adducts and medially rotates thigh?

sartorius

which muscle flexes thigh on hip?

adductor muscles

sartorius

quadriceps (vastus medialis, intermedius, lateralis, rectus femoris)

which muscle group extends the knee?

vastus medialis

intermedius

lateralus

rectus femoris

which muscle extends knee and also flexes hip on thigh?

rectus femoris

tibialis anterior

which muscle dorsiflexes and inverts foot?

tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus

which muscle extends toes?

extensor digitorum longus

fibularis muscles

which muscle(s) plantar flexes and everts foot?

fibularis brevis

fibularis longus

latissimus dorsi

which muscle extends and adducts humerus?

latissimus dorsi

erector spinae

which muscle extends and laterally flexes spine?

erector spinae

quadratus lumborum

which muscle flexes spine laterally; extends spine?

quadratus lumborum

triceps brachii

which muscle extends elbow?

triceps brachii

flexor carpi radialis

which muscle flexes wrist and abducts hand?

flexor carpi ulnaris

which muscle flexes wrist and adducts hand?

flexor digitorum superficialis

which muscle flexes wrist and fingers?

flexor carpi radialis

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum superficialis

extensor carpi radialis

which muscle extends wrist and abducts hand?