Neo-Freudians, Humanistic Theories, and Trait Perspectives in Psychology

Carl Jung

Emphasized the collective unconscious

Collective unconscious

Concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from species' history

Archetype

Universal symbols and themes that recur across cultures and time

Persona vs shadow

The persona is the outward identity, while the shadow represents the hidden or repressed aspects of the self

Anima

Female aspect in the male psyche

Animus

Male aspect in the female psyche

Terror-Management Theory

A theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

Humanistic Theories

Focus on client-centered approaches emphasizing personal growth

Carl Rogers

Proposed the concept of a growth promoting climate

Growth promoting climate

Includes genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

Unconditional positive regard

Acceptance and support of a person regardless of what they say or do

Self-concept

Refers to the question 'Who am I?'

Pyramid of needs

Includes self-actualization, self-esteem, love and belonging, safety and security, physiological needs

Trait

A characteristic pattern of behavior

Personality inventory

Questionnaire designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors

Trait Theory

Focuses on identifying and measuring individual personality characteristics

Sheldon's Body types

Classifies individuals as Endomorph (fat, jolly), Mesomorph (fit, active), and Ectomorph (nervous, skinny)